乔布斯遗失的访谈

It lost that distinction to HP about 3 or 4 years after I left, unfortunately, but when I left it was the largest printer company in the world.

只过了三四年惠普就追上来了，真可惜

Did you envision desktop publishing, was that a no-brainer?

你预见到桌面出版的前景吗，还是显而易见的？

You know… yes, but we also envisioned really the network office,

是的，我预见到了。但是我们同时还想推广网络办公

and so in January, 1995 when we had our annual meeting and introduced our new products, I made probably the largest marketing blunder of my career.

所以1995年发布新产品时，我犯了这辈子最大的营销错误

Bob: 1985. Steve: 1985, sorry. Made probably the largest marketing blunder in my career by announcing the Mackintosh Office instead of just desktop publishing.

Bob: 是1985年。Steve: 1985年，对不起。我们发布了Mackintosh Office办公系统，其中包括桌面出版

And we had desktop publishing as a major component of that, but we announced a bunch of other stuff as well, and I think we should just focus on desktop publishing at that time.

当时应该集中力量推桌面出版，而不是所有功能一拥而上。

Tell us your departure from Apple.

说说你离开苹果的情况

Oh it was very painful and I am not even sure if I want to talk about it. What can I say? I hired the wrong guy.

很痛苦，我都不太愿意聊这事。怎么说呢？我招错了人。

That was Sculley?

是指Sculley？

Yeah, and he destroyed something I spent 10 years working for.

是的，他毁了我十年的心血

Starting with me, but that wasn't the saddest part.

他逼我离职，但这还不是最糟糕的

I would have gladly left Apple if Apple had turned out like I wanted it to.

如果苹果能按我的设想发展，我会很开心

He basically got on a rocket ship that is about to leave the pad, and the rocket ship left the pad, and he kind of went into his head,

他侥幸登上了一艘正要发射的火箭

and he got confused and thought he built the rocket ship,

他还以为自己建造了火箭

and he kind of changed the trajectory, so that it's inevitably gonna crash to the ground.

轻率改变火箭的飞行轨道，结果是箭毁人亡

乔布斯传第八章 施乐和丽萨52

The improvements were in not just the details but the entire concept. The mouse at Xerox PARC could not be used to drag a window around the screen. Apple’s engineers devised an interface so you could not only drag windows and files around, you could even drop them into folders. The Xerox system required you to select a command in order to do anything, ranging from resizing a window to changing the extension that located a file. The Apple system transformed the desktop metaphor into virtual reality by allowing you to directly touch, manipulate, drag, and relocate things. And Apple’s engineers worked in tandem with its designers—with Jobs spurring them on daily—to improve the desktop concept by adding delightful icons and menus that pulled down from a bar atop each window and the capability to open files and folders with a double click.

得到提升的并不仅仅是细节，还有整个概念。施乐PARC的鼠标并不能用来在屏幕上拖拽窗口。而苹果工程师们设计出的界面上，用户不仅可以任意拖拽窗口和文件，还可以将它们拖到文件夹中。施乐的系统中，不管是调整窗口的大小还是更改文件的扩展名，用户都必须选择一条指令后才能执行操作。苹果的系统将桌面的概念转化为了虚拟现实，允许用户直接触摸、操作、拖拽和移动文件。苹果的工程师和设计师每天都受到乔布斯的鞭策。他们协同工作，完善了桌面概念：添加了漂亮的图标和位于窗口顶端的下拉菜单，以及双击鼠标打开文件和文件夹的功能。

It’s not as if Xerox executives ignored what their scientists had created at PARC. In fact they did try to capitalize on it, and in the process they showed why good execution is as important as good ideas. In 1981, well before the Apple Lisa or Macintosh, they introduced the Xerox Star, a machine that featured their graphical user interface, mouse, bitmapped display, windows, and desktop metaphor. But it was clunky (it could take minutes to save a large file), costly ($16,595 at retail stores), and aimed mainly at the networked office market. It flopped; only thirty thousand were ever sold.

施乐的管理层并没有忽略他们的科学家在帕克创造出来的东西。事实上，他们的确尝试过利用这些研究成果——而这一过程恰恰证明了为什么好的执行力和杰出的创意同样重要。在苹果的丽萨和麦金塔电脑问世之前，早在1981年，施乐就推出了他们的“施乐之星”（XeroxStar），这台电脑上运用了图形用户界面、鼠标、位图显示、窗口以及桌面概念。但它运行缓慢（保存稍大一点儿的文件需要耗费数分钟），价格昂贵（零售价高达16595美元），且主要瞄准的是计算机网络化的企业市场。它的销售情况十分不好，仅仅卖出去3万台。

Jobs and his team went to a Xerox dealer to look at the Star as soon as it was released. But he deemed it so worthless that he told his colleagues they couldn’t spend the money to buy one. “We were very relieved,” he recalled. “We knew they hadn’t done it right, and that we could—at a fraction of the price.” A few weeks later he called Bob Belleville, one of the hardware designers on the Xerox Star team. “Everything you’ve ever done in your life is shit,” Jobs said, “so why don’t you come work for me?” Belleville did, and so did Larry Tesler.

施乐之星刚刚发布，乔布斯和他的团队就去一家施乐经销商那里查看情况。但他觉得这台机器毫无价值，他告诉同事们根本犯不着花钱买一台。“我们都松了一口气，”他回忆说，“我们看得出来，施乐没能把产品做好，但我们可以，而且价格要便宜得多。”几个星期之后，乔布斯给施乐之星团队的硬件设计师之一鲍勃·贝尔维尔（BobBelleville）去了电话。“你这一辈子做出来的东西都是垃圾，”乔布斯说，“干脆来为我工作吧。”贝尔维尔同意了，一起跳槽的还有拉里·特斯勒。

In his excitement, Jobs began to take over the daily management of the Lisa project, which was being run by John Couch, the former HP engineer. Ignoring Couch, he dealt directly with Atkinson and Tesler to insert his own ideas, especially on Lisa’s graphical interface design. “He would call me at all hours, 2 a.m. or 5 a.m.,” said Tesler. “I loved it. But it upset my bosses at the Lisa division.” Jobs was told to stop making out-of-channel calls. He held himself back for a while, but not for long.

乔布斯十分兴奋，开始插手丽萨项目的日常管理，该项目当时的负责人是曾经的惠普工程师约翰·库奇。乔布斯完全忽略了库奇的存在，直接与阿特金森和特斯勒通气，灌输自己的想法，尤其是关于丽萨的图形界面设计。“他会在任何时间给我打电话，凌晨两点或者早上5点，”特斯勒说，“我喜欢这样。但是丽萨项目的头儿们不高兴了。”乔布斯被要求停止越级管理。他安静了一段时间，但很快又按捺不住了。

One important showdown occurred when Atkinson decided that the screen should have a white background rather than a dark one. This would allow an attribute that both Atkinson and Jobs wanted: WYSIWYG, pronounced “wiz-ee-wig,” an acronym for “What you see is what you get.” What you saw on the screen was what you’d get when you printed it out. “The hardware team screamed bloody murder,” Atkinson recalled. “They said it would force us to use a phosphor that was a lot less persistent and would flicker more.” So Atkinson enlisted Jobs, who came down on his side. The hardware folks grumbled, but then went off and figured it out. “Steve wasn’t much of an engineer himself, but he was very good at assessing people’s answers. He could tell whether the engineers were defensive or unsure of themselves.”

阿特金森认为应该把屏幕的深色背景换成白色的，这引发了一次重大冲突。屏幕背景色的改变可以实现阿特金森和乔布斯都想要的一个特性：WYSIWYG,这是“所见即所得”（WhatYouSeeIsWhatYouGet）的缩写。你在屏幕上看到的是什么样，打印出来就还是什么样。“硬件团队一片哀嚎，”阿特金森回忆说，“他们说，这样的话就必须使用一种持久性差且闪烁严重的磷光体。”阿特金森只好搬来乔布斯帮忙，乔布斯自然站在了他的一边。硬件团队抱怨连连，但之后还是实现了这个功能。“乔布斯本人算不上是个工程师，但他十分擅长评估别人的答案。他能看得出来工程师是心存戒备还是缺乏自信。”