VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):尼克松辞职后福特领导美国
日期:2020-07-24 10:16

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember. This week in our series, we tell the story of the thirty-eighth president of the United States. "Mr. Chief Justice, my dear friends, my fellow Americans, the oath that I have taken is the same oath that was taken by George Washington and by every president under the Constitution. But I assume the presidency under extraordinary circumstances, never before experienced by Americans." Gerald Ford was sworn into office on August ninth, nineteen seventy-four. Ford was vice president to Richard Nixon, who had announced the day before that he would resign. If Nixon had not resigned, he might have been removed from office. Congress had been moving to charge him with corruption in the Watergate case. At his swearing-in ceremony, the new president spoke about the nation's future. "My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over. Our Constitution works. Our great republic is a government of laws and not of men. Here the people rule." He went on to say: "As we bind up the internal wounds of Watergate -- more painful and more poisonous than those of foreign wars -- let us restore the 'Golden Rule' to our political process and let brotherly love purge our hearts of suspicion and of hate."
Gerald Ford became the only leader in American history to have served both as vice president and president without being elected. Richard Nixon chose him as vice president in October nineteen-seventy-three. That was when Nixon's former vice president, Spiro Agnew, resigned because of criminal charges that he failed to pay his taxes. When Nixon himself resigned, Ford became president. Ford was a longtime congressman from the state of Michigan. He was well-liked by his congressional colleagues. His education was in economics and political science at the University of Michigan. Then he attended Yale Law School. During World War Two, he served as a Naval officer in the Pacific. After the war, Ford entered politics. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was first elected to the House of Representatives in nineteen forty-eight. He won re-election twelve times. Republicans in the House elected him the minority leader during the administration of Democratic President Lyndon Johnson. Ford was still minority leader when Richard Nixon, a fellow Republican, was elected president in nineteen sixty-eight. In his leadership position, Ford helped win approval of a number of Nixon's proposals. He became known for his strong loyalty to the president. It was no surprise, then, when Nixon named Ford as vice president.
Gerald Ford was an "accidental president." He came to office in a sudden turn of events. Almost as suddenly, he had to decide what to do about the former president. After Nixon left office, he could have been charged with crimes for his part in covering up the events of Watergate. Instead, one month after Nixon resigned, President Ford settled the question. He pardoned Nixon for any crimes that he might have committed. The pardoning of Nixon made many Americans angry. Some believed he should have been put on trial. They thought he might have answered more questions about Watergate if he had not been pardoned. Ford said he pardoned Nixon in an effort to unite the country. For a while, though, the pardon only seemed to intensify the divisions. "And I wondered if anyone had brought to your attention the fact that the Constitution specifically states that, even though somebody is impeached, that person shall nonetheless be liable to punishment according to law." In October nineteen seventy-four, President Ford appeared before a congressional hearing on the pardon. He gave a strong response to questioning by Democratic Representative Elizabeth Holtzman.
"Mrs. Holtzman, I was fully cognizant of the fact that the president, on resignation, was accountable for any criminal charges. But I would like to say that the reason I gave the pardon was not as to Mr. Nixon himself. I repeat – and I repeat with emphasis: The purpose of the pardon was to try and get the United States, the Congress, the president, and the American people focusing on the serious problems we have, both at home and abroad. "And I was absolutely convinced then, as I am now, that if we had had this series – an indictment, a trial, a conviction, and anything else that transpired after that – that the attention of the president, the congress, and the American people would have been diverted from the problems that we have to solve. And that was the principal reason for my granting of the pardon." Anger about the pardon was still strong when President Ford made another controversial decision. He pardoned men who had illegally avoided military service in the Vietnam War. Most of them were not sent to prison. Instead, they were offered a chance to do work for their communities. Many of the men, however, did not accept the president's offer. Some stayed in Canada or other countries where they had fled to avoid the draft. President Ford received greater public support when he asked Congress to limit the activities of the nation's intelligence agencies. He hoped better control would prevent future administrations from abusing the constitutional rights of Americans, as Nixon had done.

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On another issue, Ford, while serving as vice president, had described inflation as America's "public enemy number one." He had supported several measures to fight it. As president, however, an economic recession forced him to cancel some of those measures. Inflation decreased during the recession, but unemployment increased. On foreign policy issues, Ford kept Henry Kissinger as secretary of state. Kissinger had won much praise for his service to Richard Nixon, including in the opening of diplomatic ties with Communist China. But Kissinger had also received much criticism. Critics accused him of interfering with civil liberties in the name of national security. They also accused him of supporting the overthrow of the Marxist government of Salvador Allende in Chile. By the time Ford became president, the United States and the Soviet Union had taken steps to try to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev had signed two such agreements as part of the détente policy to ease Cold War tensions. Relations with China were also less tense than before. American policy in Southeast Asia, however, had failed. Involvement in the Vietnam War had officially ended the year before Gerald Ford became president. But fighting continued between South Vietnam and communist forces from the North.
The peace agreement signed by the United States and North Vietnam in nineteen seventy-three left South Vietnam to defend itself. By nineteen seventy-five, South Vietnamese forces were clearly in danger of defeat. President Ford tried to prevent a communist takeover. He asked Congress to approve seven hundred million dollars in military aid for South Vietnam. Congress said no. The American people were tired of paying for the war. Saigon, the South Vietnamese capital, fell to communist forces on April thirtieth, nineteen seventy-five. President Ford ordered the rescue of American citizens and South Vietnamese who had supported the American efforts. Few people who saw those struggling to escape Saigon will ever forget that day. "Please stop pushing – one at a time." Terrified Vietnamese were screaming for help at the American Embassy. Everyone was pushing, trying to escape the city. Some held on to overloaded military helicopters as the aircraft tried to take off. As a signal to American citizens to prepare to leave, Armed Forces Radio had played the song "White Christmas." Some were to go to an apartment building where a helicopter would pick them up from the roof. But other people also tried to get onto the helicopter -- a scene captured in a famous news photo of the fall of Saigon.
The former South Vietnamese capital was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. In the Middle East, Henry Kissinger led negotiations after the nineteen seventy-three Arab-Israeli war. Israel agreed to give up some captured territory. In return, the United States promised not to recognize or deal with the Palestine Liberation Organization unless the PLO met certain conditions. In September nineteen seventy-five, Israel and Egypt signed an agreement that included permission for American civilians to act as observers along the ceasefire lines. Henry Kissinger was praised for his peacemaking efforts, though peace in the Middle East would remain a challenge for future administrations. At home, things seemed better as the presidential election campaign of nineteen seventy-six began. That year marked the nation's two hundredth birthday. The United States was not fighting any wars. Unemployment remained high, but inflation had eased. Most importantly, Gerald Ford had led the country through the difficult period after Watergate. The nineteen seventy-six election will be our story next week.

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重点解析

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1.fail to 未能;使……失望

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Some schools fail to set any homework.

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有些学校没有布置任何作业U5A4gxbRwQSVf

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2.serve as 作为;担任

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The museum will serve as a memorial to the millions who passed through Ellis Island.

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这个博物馆将用来纪念经过埃利斯岛的数百万移民4*0[_RSqaY~mW(1rgVvQ

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3.known for 以……而著名;因……出名

He was known for his poor grammar and punctuation.

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他不通语法和乱用标点是出了名的M5[kBH_cX]fK17DRY%CK6fz7GP@_mHFqyZ@=

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4.in an effort to 为了;为了完成

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He finally left home in an effort to counter the tyranny of arranged marriage in the old society.

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他弃家出走,是对旧社会婚姻压迫的反动=SIbjJhWh|G1z87OG

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参考译文

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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目,我是史蒂夫·恩伯bb=5xCKY]pH。本周我们将讲述美国第38任总统的故事;CGGN~7^Cn!.og8u^OG。“首席大法官、我亲爱的朋友们、我的美国同胞们,我所作的宣誓与乔治·华盛顿和宪法中规定的每一位总统所作的誓言一样~C3e-M+&_AT)+gwG|Csz。但是,我是在美国人从未经历过的特殊情况下担任的总统0y5qGyca-0[wb6rX,e。”杰拉尔德·福特于1974年8月9日宣誓就职,福特是理查德·尼克松的副总统,尼克松前一天宣布辞职y(Fr5](1tgz0q(dR。如果尼克松没有辞职,他可能已经被免职M#FG_w+5Bl@zAy。国会一直在起诉他在水门事件中的腐败行为o+ft^5tfk#pLSDi462J。在宣誓仪式上,新总统谈到了国家的未来-=G,x@!*ifVH0][=。“我的美国同胞们,我们漫长的民族噩梦结束了kag4A!W+1Z.3pL|k9=S[。我们的宪法有效,我们伟大的共和国是法治政府,而不是人治政府F9_gQ28G|4~8j%H2H。在这里,人民当家作主2mA4M31&a|E1S10。”他接着说:“在我们承担水门事件的责任时,在这比外国战争更让人感到痛苦、更令人讨厌的时候,让我们恢复政治进程的‘黄金法则’,让兄弟之爱净化我们心中的猜疑和仇恨gZNomKr3RK*fMuRN。”
杰拉尔德·福特成为美国历史上唯一一位未经选举,就当上副总统和总统的人9RjaR7lOLmmLw(!bB。理查德·尼克松在1973年10月选择他为副总统y2wAT;o(JS。当时,尼克松的前副总统斯皮罗·阿格纽因被指控未纳税而辞职dqO^JZDP18gnu!T。尼克松本人辞职后,福特就出任总统J^TPjV3Uu.,j。福特是密歇根州的常任国会议员,他深受国会同僚的爱戴RZX;tIH02ca9txCb。他在密歇根大学学习经济学和政治学,随后就读于耶鲁大学法学院VV]uqb7s^A。二战期间,他在太平洋地区担任海军军官#T_ByPy@d=]f9。战后,福特进入政界,他是共和党党员,第一次当选为众议院在1948年,12次连任oCz~OGCpx*。在民主党总统林登·约翰逊执政期间,众议院的共和党人选举他为少数党领袖I+,utrd3jPB)4j4.b。福特仍然是少数党领袖时,共和党人理查德·尼克松在1968年当选总统9dGLMnf9ZFGN。福特任职期间,帮助尼克松使一些提议获得通过6Gaz)BN_Vit。他因对总统的忠诚而出名,尼克松任命福特为副总统也就不足为奇了mMOlX*u[u=DRaLxP
杰拉尔德·福特是在偶然间成为总统的,他是在一次突发事件中上任的1!dH]Mwtgo6。几乎就是突然之间,他需要决定对前总统采取什么措施RQUkl|,9q)Clsa。尼克松卸任后,他本可以因掩盖水门事件而被指控犯罪-I23J#g7U#C5.!。然而,在尼克松辞职一个月后,福特总统就把这个问题解决了yy~9T26R0vG。他赦免了尼克松可能犯下的任何罪行R)W4#k6&#(3[J&sN。尼克松的赦免令许多美国人愤怒,有些人认为他应该受审,他们觉得如果他没有被赦免,可能会回答更多有关水门事件的问题0XkIEtiFy)P#whBl+E5。福特说,他赦免尼克松是为了团结国家J],x-(|~hKM。不过,有一段时间,赦免似乎只加剧了分歧o&[@g9nO;+yua。“我想知道是否有人提请你注意,宪法明确规定,即使有人被弹劾,当事人仍应依法受到惩罚P5tUj+LhqF7nln((OcV。”1974年10月,福特总统出席了国会关于特赦的听证会-]NiFLb+=l#Kqdk。他对民主党代表伊丽莎白·霍尔茨曼的质询作出强烈回应7&!xr*UNaJBZVdkP
“霍尔茨曼夫人,我完全认识到,总统一旦辞职,就要对任何刑事指控负责**Jz.Duln-。但我想说的是,我赦免的原因并不是尼克松先生本人AfbG2_+tZO|[eyQ)。我重申——强调地重申一次:赦免的目的是试图让美国、国会、总统和美国人民,关注我们在国内外面临的严重问题]FPYtfdsTIN;DfxT。“我现在和那时的想法一样,我绝对相信,如果我们有这一系列的指控、审判、定罪,以及这之后发生的所有事情,总统、国会和美国人民的注意力就会从我们必须解决的问题上转移开,这就是我批准赦免的主要原因-Ui(5,C2)QzGG。”福特总统做出另一个有争议的决定时,人们对特赦的愤怒仍然强烈x2Rcu*qXG(。福特赦免了在越战中非法逃避兵役的人DrG]1*^V6TZ5c。他们中的大多数人没有关进监狱,而是得到了为社区工作的机会-#gBpi(r)1WWqzjf!W。然而,许多人不接受总统的这项提议nOHazjg0.ll~g5;。一些人留在加拿大或其他国家,他们从那逃离,以逃避征兵ufFW5Gy~*(.3PWJ+q。福特总统要求国会限制国家情报机构的活动时,他得到了更多的公众支持4~rk)qFb8Wg。他希望更好地进行控制,能防止未来的政府像尼克松那样滥用美国人的宪法权利tKj(mnvV5i
福特担任副总统期间还发生了另一件事,他曾将通货膨胀描述为美国的“头号公敌”,曾支持多项措施来对抗通货膨胀4lf~^98+c(kxYL_)。然而,作为总统,经济衰退迫使他取消了其中一些措施P6W,Q=*+jiOnBerXu。在经济衰退期间,通货膨胀率下降,但失业率上升了ICfCP4W3!o=。在外交政策问题上,福特任命亨利·基辛格为国务卿|KWTJsOwl(P[b86C%。基辛格为理查德·尼克松所做的贡献赢得了很多赞誉,包括在与共产主义中国建立外交关系方面Kt_Z^H#IKL&Fi#。但基辛格也受到了很多批评-DPn83I|Sz。批评者指责他以国家安全的名义干涉公民自由,还指责他支持推翻智利萨尔瓦多·阿连德的马克思主义政府ZEKJ+a+^[Yt。在福特成为总统时,美国和苏联已经采取措施试图限制核武器的扩散n+kazC+GxwcUEfjA*。尼克松和苏联领导人列昂尼德·勃列日涅夫签署了两份这样的协议,作为缓和冷战紧张局势政策的一部分IMd9c7i6_9#m@8f4h。美国与中国的关系也不像以前那么紧张了Gbc+IoO3D(DqH3+U。然而,美国在东南亚的政策却失败了6!taUC-|k2c。杰拉尔德·福特在越南战争正式结束前一年,就正式成为总统i!%u-X_is-Wgy。但是,南越和北方的共产主义军队之间的战斗仍在继续XA|xL2f-c)
美国和北越在1973年签署的和平协议使南越不得不进行自卫8^R9;=rZZVTDN_。到1975年,南越军队明显处于失败的危险之中IO2;SZyOd.Qs-@ir[5.。福特总统试图阻止共产党的接管,他要求国会批准向越南提供七亿美元的军事援助2=q!U3BePt.e,2bQ!Kl-。国会表示拒绝,美国人民厌倦了为战争买单]nFUF&KJ&JL!)tB]。南越首都西贡,于1975年4月30日落入共产党军队手中QHdPWcR(@yy5t,=QEP。福特总统下令营救支持美国的美国公民和南越人,很少有人会忘记那一天qgWdZn-PQwH。那些见证过为逃避西贡而苦苦挣扎的人,很少有人会忘记这一天35OS~!qPKY4O93。“请不要推,一次一个ZGf]*vN1b]=~Irn.。”惊恐的越南人在美国大使馆旁尖叫着求救sO30vsY|8@Kf^a。每个人都在推,试图逃离这个城市rp&fVAg&rbN)D[)(jD[s。飞机试图起飞时,一些人抓住超载的军用直升机j7^r)vHUFB3^ohHYxt6。作为向美国公民发出准备离开的信号,武装部队电台播放着歌曲“白色圣诞节”;=4(^]8o@ze3G.tw。一些人去了一栋公寓楼,那里有一架直升飞机从屋顶把他们接走[7[s9WQpjuXNAn。但其他人也试图登上直升机,这是西贡陷落的一张著名新闻照片中的一幕wrziiGG2|V4DUw)6
前南越首都改名为胡志明市=|P5Tlu_Q9G8v。在中东,亨利·基辛格在1973年阿以战争后领导了谈判EXGW=4j|.-。以色列同意放弃一些被占领的领土DOwsUToQot。作为回报,美国承诺除非巴解组织满足某些条件,否则不会承认或处理巴勒斯坦解放组织JXig^Ynh&!-sE。1975年9月,以色列和埃及签署了一项协议,其中包括允许美国平民在停火线沿线担任观察员vX*vR*(lkh|+GMh)_!N。亨利·基辛格因其缔造和平的努力而受到赞扬,尽管中东的和平仍然是未来政府面临的挑战;z)lQW4L5HC。在国内,随着1976年总统竞选活动的开始,情况似乎有所好转kp^_dUex_aqyXI。那一年是美国建国二百周年Pq_~orQJ,sNJx。美国不再打仗,失业率居高不下,但通货膨胀有所缓解3*vrToFuC_m。最重要的是,杰拉尔德·福特带领美国度过了水门事件后的艰难时期jVq@.|9]Xwjt|hWJ。1976年的总统选举将是我们下周要讲述的故事aU#;7bRuQ2*JoA#.~L

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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