VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):占领菲律宾使美国成为远东的一大强国
日期:2019-11-11 14:17

(单词翻译:单击)

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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. The war between the United States and Spain in eighteen ninety-eight was one of the shortest in American history. The fighting lasted about three months. Yet that short war led to long-term changes for America. Victory made the United States an increasingly important world power. This week in our series, Larry West and Shep O'Neal tell about those developments. The United States received several of Spain's island colonies as part of the peace agreement. The most important was the Philippines. Many Americans thought the United States should not have overseas territories. But President William McKinley thought the Philippines were unprepared for independence. He decided to keep the islands and prepare the people for self-government in the future.
A Filipino nationalist group led by Emilio Aguinaldo rejected American control. Aguinaldo declared the formation of a Philippine republic. And he started a guerrilla war against the occupying forces. The rebellion in the Philippines became a major issue in America's presidential election of nineteen hundred. The Republican Party renominated William McKinley as president. And it nominated a hero of the Spanish-American War, New York Governor Theodore Roosevelt, as vice president. The Democratic Party, for the second time, nominated Congressman William Jennings Bryan as president. It nominated a former vice president, Adlai Stevenson, as vice president again. William Jennings Bryan campaigned against the American takeover of the Philippines. He received support from a new group, the Anti-Imperialist League. Members included leading American politicians, businessmen, and writers. President McKinley did not campaign much. He let vice presidential candidate Theodore Roosevelt do it. Roosevelt spoke of America's success as a new economic and political power in the world. He said the Republican Party was responsible. The majority of voters liked what Roosevelt said. They elected the Republican candidates.
The Republican victory destroyed the hopes of many nationalists in the Philippines. With William McKinley in the White House again, they saw little chance of gaining independence. Nationalist leader Emilio Aguinaldo, however, refused to surrender. As long as he remained free, the guerrilla war would continue. For months, American forces tried without success to find him. Finally, with the help of a tribe of Filipino mercenary soldiers called the Maccabebe Scouts, they captured him. Aguinaldo signed an agreement to support the United States. With this agreement, the rebellion ended on the island of Luzon. But it continued for more than a year in the southern Philippines. Hostilities ended officially on July fourth, nineteen-oh-two. American occupation of the Philippines made the United States a major power in the Far East. As such, it began to develop new policies toward Asia. Especially a new policy toward China. Americans had been trading with China for years, but not heavily. As the American economy grew, however, businessmen saw China -- with a population of four hundred million people -- as a great market for American products.

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Other countries were interested in this market, too. Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and Russia all claimed special rights in parts of China. They began to divide the country into areas called spheres of influence. It seemed these areas could become foreign colonies. Then the United States would be cut off from trading directly with China. To prevent that from happening, American Secretary of State John Hay proposed what became known as the "Open Door" policy. Secretary Hay asked the nations involved to agree to equal trading rights for all countries in all parts of China. No nation, he said, should interfere with the rights or powers of any other nation in China. No one welcomed the proposal. But no one rejected it, either. Most of the nations involved said they agreed with the idea. But they said they could not approve it unless everyone else did. Secretary Hay refused to wait for them to act. So in May, nineteen hundred, he announced that all the nations involved had given their approval to the "Open Door" policy. The new policy was tested very soon. Within a month of Hay's announcement, violence broke out against foreigners in China. The attacks were led by a secret group called Righteous, Harmonious Fists. Foreigners called its members Boxers.
Boxers hated all foreign influence in China. They organized in areas where foreign influence was strongest. They killed Christian missionaries and Chinese who had accepted the Christian religion. They also destroyed foreign industries, especially railroads. The Chinese government in Beijing supported the Boxer Rebellion. It permitted the Boxers to occupy the capital. The rebellion lasted about two months. It ended when an allied force of American, British, French, German and Japanese soldiers reached Beijing and ended the Boxer occupation. The foreign powers began to negotiate with China on paying for damages. The United States was worried about the results. It believed some of the nations involved would use the Boxer Rebellion as a way to gain more control over Chinese territory. Secretary of State Hay quickly announced America's policy on the issue. The United States, he said, wanted a settlement which would bring peace and safety to China. The settlement must protect China's territorial rights so it would not be divided into foreign colonies. Britain and Germany agreed. With their help, Secretary Hay got the others to accept money -- not territory -- as payment for damages.
The final settlement forced China to pay three hundred thirty-three million dollars. The United States used some of its share to pay for the education of Chinese students in America. The results of the Boxer Rebellion and the Spanish-American War made clear that the new century would have a new world power: the United States. And this new power had a president with the political skills to do the job: William McKinley. In September, nineteen-oh-one, President McKinley made a major foreign policy speech at the Pan-American Fair in Buffalo, New York. He spoke about the importance and the promise of America's new position in the world. The next day, President McKinley went to the fair's temple of music. He planned to spend several hours meeting the public and shaking hands. A young man waited in line to see him. When the young man stepped in front of McKinley, McKinley reached out to shake his hand. Two shots rang out from a gun the man had hidden under a cloth. One of the bullets struck McKinley in the stomach. The president was taken to an emergency hospital on the fairgrounds. He was not conscious. The bullet had damaged his stomach, pancreas, and one kidney. But doctors did not believe he was in danger of dying.
The man who shot McKinley was Leon Czolgosz. Czolgosz was an anarchist. He believed all rulers were enemies of the people. He believed the people had the right to kill them. Czolgosz also was mentally ill. He had tried to join several anarchist groups. They refused to accept him, however, because of his mental condition. After shooting President McKinley, Czolgosz explained why he had done it. He said it was not right for one man to receive so much public honor, while he received none. For two days, the president remained in a coma. Then his condition changed. He regained consciousness and was able to talk. He rested and became stronger. Then the president's condition changed again. An infection developed in his wound. It spread throughout his body. In another few days, he was dead. Vice President Roosevelt hurried to Buffalo. He went to the house where the president's body lay. Then he went to another house to be sworn in as president. He was forty-two years old -- the youngest man ever to hold the office. Roosevelt declared that the administration would go on as before. "It is my aim," he said, "to continue unbroken the policy of President McKinley for the peace, the prosperity, and the honor of our beloved country."

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重点解析

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1.lead to 导致;引起

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A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.

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不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题QP-eL*t4uWO+qQ

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2.be unprepared for 对......无准备的;没想到

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It's not smart to be unprepared for a meeting when your job depends on it.

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开会之前没做好准备是非常不明智的,特别是当你的饭碗得靠它保住时Izq&WA^P1b

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3.speak of 谈到;提到

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This is nothing to speak of.

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这没啥了不起HlJD3D,3Dix.qbwGb

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4.cut off 切断;断绝

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They were almost completely cut off from the outside world.

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他们几乎完全与外界绝缘了_&vvb_3h&H5ilU!6bX8Z

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参考译文

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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目9Z-]mGS-ywV*Q&4;q9。1898年美国和西班牙之间的战争是美国历史上最短的战争之一,战斗持续了大约三个月QmSa!s~ONcap-H_.fD%f。然而,那场短暂的战争给美国带来了长期的变化,胜利使美国成为一个日益重要的世界强国bH]7Ev#sGAc&s@-。本周在我们的系列节目中,拉里· 韦斯特和谢普· 奥尼尔将讲述这些发展0uIgh9MxJK]0。作为和平协议的一部分,美国接收了西班牙的几个岛屿殖民地,其中最重要的是菲律宾2L~]90h^-g[.&I。许多美国人认为,美国不应该拥有海外领土8TaB,(p)v(。但美国总统麦金利认为,菲律宾并没有为独立做好准备u_U[b.^|Kz9T。他决定保留这些岛屿,为将来的自治做准备an8qYE&L(EEoC]b
一个由埃米利奥· 阿吉纳多领导的菲律宾民族主义组织拒绝美国的控制,阿吉纳多宣布成立菲律宾共和国,他对占领部队发动了游击战争bdre[V2t2(~]。在1900年的美国总统选举中,菲律宾的叛乱成为一个主要问题_U(_bLIq1A。共和党再次提名威廉· 麦金利为总统,同时提名美西战争的英雄、纽约州州长西奥多· 罗斯福为副总统5o8&PL1x2S3mmy。民主党第二次提名国会议员威廉· 詹宁斯· 布赖恩为总统,并再次提名前副总统阿德莱· 史蒂文森为副总统MzOU[Nn5*Xa。威廉· 詹宁斯· 布赖恩反对美国接管菲律宾,他得到了一个新组织——反帝联盟的支持O%wN795mo5。成员包括美国主要政治家、商人和作家XyM|+pB3~keHX*。麦金利总统的竞选活动并不多,他让副总统候选人西奥多· 罗斯福去做这件事ABVb!jZ&7n_CRS。罗斯福谈到美国作为新的经济和政治大国在世界上取得的成功,他表示共和党的责任重大)j(!zE#7ne。大多数选民喜欢罗斯福所说的话,他们选出了共和党候选人yh-aiq,roZE4qG
共和党的胜利摧毁了菲律宾许多民族主义者的希望,随着威廉· 麦金利再次入主白宫,他们几乎看不到获得独立的机会o%Q(cQWwYTeT!Ge[8)K。然而,民族主义领袖埃米利· 奥阿吉纳多拒绝投降,只要他没有被捉获,游击战就会继续AP%[-dhPX*。几个月来,美国军队一直试图找到他,但没有成功4dsat=Z!ME1C!iY。最后,在一个叫马卡比· 斯考慈的菲律宾雇佣兵部落的帮助下,他们抓住了他L[.m2G&#Lm。奥阿吉纳多签署了一项支持美国的协议gz%28ekZD~Fi~-4。根据这项协议,叛乱在吕宋岛结束..^1y9D*v_z!。但是,在菲律宾南部却持续了一年多的时间[cev49S-rS-oJL6_=7。敌对行动于1902年7月4日正式结束CAGWkVvd.RMFY2bTH。美国对菲律宾的占领使美国成为远东地区的一个大国,正因如此,它开始制定针对亚洲的新政策,尤其是对中国的新政策T@p,pxgbfz1I6,R。多年来,美国人一直在与中国进行贸易往来,但贸易量不大GC74[ol9Tmj。然而,随着美国经济的增长,商人们将拥有四亿人口的中国视为美国产品的一个巨大市场Pcv^+G4|)w%*RQt5
其他国家也对这个市场感兴趣,英国、法国、德国、日本和俄罗斯都声称在中国部分地区享有特别权利~p|s;;d5oq5O。他们开始在中国划分所谓的势力范围,这些地区似乎可以成为外国殖民地rTXAY^BgAH%Z%]K。随后,美国将被切断与中国的直接贸易往来@jValZ!0GIZ。为了防止发生这种情况,美国国务卿约翰· 海伊提出了后来被称为“门户开放”的政策vdSSQUv3ymjluuu,+w%。海伊部长要求有关国家同意中国各地所有国家享有平等的贸易权利,他表示,任何国家都不应干涉中国境内其他国家的权利Tjf[rj[=(4OkS.qI。没有人愿意接受这项提议,但也没有人拒绝Dp2n[BsiILm)v。大多数参与的国家说他们同意这个想法,但是他们说除非其他国家都同意,否则他们不会予以批准^-LsEx53RR=6Iy5。海伊部长拒绝等待他们采取行动,因此在1900年5月,他宣布所有相关国家都批准“门户开放”政策;+p;hjiOh+Ikzz。新政策很快就受到了考验,海伊宣布这个消息后的一个月内,在中国发生了针对外国人的暴力事件cT|kG6vY&N6=ov-X||。袭击是由一个称为义和团的秘密组织所领导,外国人称其成员为拳击手&Q5d#D#-j;|xDynYM]
拳击手厌恶在中国的一切外国势力,他们在外国势力最强的地区组织起来,杀害基督教传教士和接受基督教的中国人,还摧毁外国工业,特别是铁路gXhn&0n5GptUIa。位于北京的中国政府支持义和团叛乱,允许拳击手占据首都Q5.0gh=9,Qfq_~。叛乱持续了大约两个月w)&vtwh|#JI1kE。当一支由美国、英国、法国、德国和日本士兵组成的盟军抵达北京时,他们终结了义和团的占据态势,叛乱结束了R2Y(0&Qps%o,La=。外国列强开始与中国谈判赔偿损失,美国对结果感到担忧#~Ol|~X,uu。美国认为,一些有关国家会利用义和团叛乱来获得对中国领土的更多控制权t_J*AodYNumJlI2。美国国务卿海伊很快宣布了美国在这个问题上的政策,他表示,美国希望达成一项能给中国带来和平与安全的解决方案rhy;dyDrGOcmA。该方案必须保护中国的领土权利,这样它就不会被分割成外国的殖民地qbx6CxUrhXq[rBQ6A。英国和德国表示同意,在他们的帮助下,海伊部长让其他人接受赔偿金,而不是领土OI2Vej&BSzMe
最终的和解迫使中国支付了三亿三千三百万美元,美国把分得的款项的一部分用于支付在美读书的中国学生的教育费用L!A0uD;7Cry0Ue。义和团叛乱和美西战争的结果清楚地表明,新世纪将会出现一个新的世界强国:美国J^L##;62XR_。而这个新强国拥有一位具备政治技能的总统,那就是威廉· 麦金利#vwVvhN.=S。1901年9月,麦金利总统在纽约州布法罗泛美博览会上发表了重要的外交政策演讲D1#Eg5VmrSbVt。他谈到了美国在世界上新地位的重要性和前景~|=|AHX4tcqb7D3zUa5。第二天,麦金利总统去往博览会的音乐殿堂,他计划花数小时与公众见面并握手%z0p~teaY)4^9v。一个年轻人排在队伍中等着见他I*q=Ha~Qdb*C86a;S。当这个年轻人走到麦金利面前时,麦金利伸出手来和他握手R*3NB&R!-KZ9pK。那人藏在布下的枪响了两声,其中一颗子弹击中了麦金利的腹部BXVCwuwzW-)Dt,Q^;。总统被送到展会场地的一家急诊医院,他失去了知觉Zz])OC!EqWY.9do。子弹伤到了他的胃、胰腺和一个肾U6!zGzKZAi2KRtd-^Xe。但是,医生认为他不会有生命危险4tU|u&-=|h#&
射伤麦金利的人是利昂· 索尔戈斯L~T8h&96=w4Y。索尔戈斯是一个无政府主义者,他认为所有统治者都是人民的敌人a=Yg_oYN[GvkF。他相信人民有权杀死他们-S#mnl!8qq。索尔戈斯还患有精神病,他曾试图加入几个无政府主义团体Jlo~[#nwb%。然而,由于他的精神状况,这些团体拒绝接纳他CpI4aaZbck2。在射伤麦金利总统后,索尔戈斯解释了他这么做的原因G~IAb.N)nBi,n%)s_-2。他说,一个人获得这么多公众荣誉,而他却一无所有,这是不对的0Sv3KIBXG5qQNNnC6-D。总统昏迷了两天,后来他的病情发生了改变#=@V5*db3I,V58x。他恢复了知觉,能够说话了!ngi06aya_DVV~R。经过修养,他变得更强壮了w=Cj4m3&E-.7r。随后,总统的病情又出现了变化[~~Sn-xk[aHHYH7P。他的伤口感染,感染扩散到全身.ncwucT20D]1y,si[[ZV。又过了几天,他病逝了X@fjScryc+A。罗斯福副总统匆匆赶往布法罗,他前往安置总统遗体的房子44w_e+~iI,Od[15p|A8。后来,他又到另一所房子中,宣誓就任总统pg@Y&hg^~sj。他当时42岁,是历任总统中最年轻的一位S[-V%ba+RF6@&v7。罗斯福宣布,政府将一如既往地继续下去dvZvrmMbT+。“这是我的目标,”他说,“继续不中断麦金利总统为带给我们深爱的国家和平、繁荣和荣誉的政策iT[TxIWbQS~7EgMm#KM。”

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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