VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):门罗警告欧洲不要干涉美洲事物
日期:2019-03-01 06:30

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

As we said last week, Spain asked other European countries to help it put down rebellion among Spanish colonies in Latin America. Some of these colonies had overthrown their Spanish rulers and declared themselves independent. Britain wanted no part of the Spanish proposal. It was trading heavily with these new Latin American countries. Spanish or even French control of this area would destroy or limit this trade. So Britain proposed a joint statement with the United States to say that neither country wanted any of Spain's territory in the New World. Britain also wanted the United States to join in opposing the transfer of any of Spain's American territories to any other power in Europe. Now, Maurice Joyce and Harry Monroe continue the story. Most of President James Monroe's advisers urged him to accept the British offer. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams opposed it. He did not believe the United States should tie itself to any European power, even Britain. Monroe accepted the advice of his secretary of state.
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He included Adams' ideas in his message to Congress in December eighteen twenty-three. This part of the message became known as the Monroe Doctrine. The president said no European power should, in the future, try to establish a colony anywhere in the Americas. He said the political system of the European powers was very different from that of the Americas. Monroe said any attempt to extend this European system to any of the Americas would threaten the peace and safety of the United States. The president also said the United States had not interfered with the colonies of any European power in South America and would not do so in the future. But, said Monroe, a number of these former colonies had become independent countries. And the United States had recognized their independence. We would see it as an unfriendly act, he said, for any European power to try to oppress or control these new American countries in any way. At the same time, Monroe said, the United States never had -- and never would -- take part in any war among the European powers. This statement of Monroe's was only part of a presidential message to Congress.

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But it clearly stated one of the most important of America's foreign policies. The nation had continued to grow during Monroe's term as president. A number of new states were added to the union. Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, and Alabama all became states before eighteen twenty. Louisiana had become the first state to be formed from part of the Louisiana territory that the United States bought from France. The rest of this great area was given the name of the Missouri Territory. By eighteen nineteen, there were enough people in part of the Missouri Territory for that part to become astate. It would be known as the state of Missouri. But Missouri could not become a state without the approval of Congress. And this approval was almost impossible to get. The problem was slavery. Slaves were not new in America. Spain had brought them to the West Indies hundreds of years before. In sixteen nineteen, a ship brought twenty African slaves to Jamestown, Virginia. These black men were sold to farmers. Over the years, the use of slaves spread to all the American colonies.

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建国史话

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There were many more slaves in the agricultural South than in the North. The farms in the North were smaller and needed less man-power. But in the South, farms were much larger, and needed many men. Slaves were the least expensive form of labor. Most of the northern states had passed laws before eighteen hundred freeing slaves. Even the southern states made it illegal to import more slaves from Africa. But those southerners who already owned slaves believed they were necessary, and they refused to free them. Slavery had been legal when France and Spain controlled the Louisiana territory. The United States did nothing to change this when it purchased the area. So slavery was permitted in the Missouri Territory at the time it asked for statehood. A New York congressman, James Tallmadge, offered an amendment to Missouri's request to become a state. Tallmadge proposed that no more slaves be brought into Missouri, and that the children of slaves already there be freed at the age of twenty-five. His proposal started a debate that lasted a year.

Supporters of Tallmadge argued that his proposed amendment was Constitutional. The Constitution, they said, gave Congress the right to admit new states into the union. This also meant, they said, that Congress could refuse to admit new states unless these states met conditions demanded by Congress. Supporters of the amendment also said small farmers of the North and East could not compete with the southern farmers and the free labor of slaves. They argued that these northern and eastern farmers had as much right to the land of Missouri as anyone else. The Louisiana territory had been paid for by the taxes of all Americans. Those opposed to slavery also argued that slave-holding states would be given too great a voice in the government if Missouri joined them. Under the Constitution, three of every five slaves were included in the population count to decide membership in the House of Representatives. In the past, each time a slave state was admitted to the union, a free state also had been admitted. This kept a balance in Congress. Southerners had an answer for each argument of those supporting the Tallmadge amendment.
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They agreed that Congress had the Constitutional right to admit or reject a state. But they said Congress did not have the right to make conditions for a territory to become a state. William Pinkney of Maryland argued that states already in the union had joined without any conditions. If Congress, he declared, had the right to set conditions for new states, then these new states would not be equal to the old ones. The United States no longer would be a union of equal states. The debate was violent on both sides. Representative Howell Cobb of Georgia told Tallmadge: "You have started a fire. All the waters of the oceans cannot put it out. Only seas of blood can do so." The House of Representatives passed the Missouri bill with the Tallmadge amendment. It was rejected by the Senate. The people of Missouri would try again for statehood when the new Congress met in eighteen twenty. By this time, another free state was ready to enter the union. Maine -- with the permission of Massachusetts -- asked to become a separate state.

Once again, a New York congressman tried to put a condition on statehood for Missouri. He offered an amendment that Missouri should agree never to permit any kind of slavery inside its borders. House Speaker Henry Clay said that as long as any kind of condition was put on Missouri, he could never permit Maine to become a state. Clay was not strong enough to prevent the House from approving statehood for Maine. This bill was sent to the Senate for its approval. The Senate, however, joined the Maine bill with the one for unlimited statehood for Missouri. Senators refused to separate the two. Finally, Senator Thomas of Illinois offered a compromise. He said Missouri should be admitted as a state permitting slavery. But he said no other state permitting slavery could be formed from the northern part of the Louisiana territory. The compromise was accepted. And Congress approved statehood both for Missouri and Maine. But they would not become states until President Monroe signed the bills. President Monroe had to make a difficult decision. He was a slave-holder. Many of his friends urged him to veto the bills, which would limit slavery in the Louisiana territory. And electors would soon be chosen for the next presidential election. Still, a decision had to be made.
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重点解析

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1.paid for 为……付出代价
The purchases were paid for with cash.
这些购置是用现款支付的^+RAatEl1aWBdV-
2.as long as 只要;和…一样长
Banks could rediscount the bills with the ECB but they would not do so as long as they earned more on the bills than on the cash.
银行可以拿这些国债与欧洲央行进行再贴现,但只要这些国债的收益比现金高,它们就不会这样做@f8#YY&A#GZ0
3.answer for 因……而受罚;对……负责
Quite frankly, I do not have a direct answer for you.
相当坦率地说,我没有一个直接的答案给你#OkXmV*Pg9Qq^9
4.no longer 不再
The order was no longer effective.
这项命令已不再生效G3Toi!9;G-xqBdz

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参考译文

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正如我们上周所说,西班牙请求其他欧洲国家帮助镇压西班牙殖民地的叛乱;5bVq&I|3RNsCV&.XGo。其中一些殖民地推翻了西班牙统治,宣布独立ow_%qqa@EKSBO#d=PV_S。英国不想考虑西班牙的提议F1^g*%-t9)RF@。它与这些新兴的拉丁美洲国家往来贸易频繁^9NONdm5@6iYV+Q。西班牙甚至法国对这一地区的控制将破坏或限制这一贸易mcu9si_mM2ckG-。因此,英国提议与美国发表联合声明,表明两国都不希望西班牙在新世界拥有任何领土s4p|QDiVlo+11*Ru0。英国还希望美国加入反对西班牙将任何美国领土移交给欧洲其他国家的行列Zic;azKcL%SGH2K&;g。现在,莫里斯•乔伊斯和哈里•梦露继续为您讲述g_MF&MFTj[#3P。门罗总统的大部分顾问敦促他接受英国的提议fNcOdog,;X。国务卿约翰•昆西•亚当斯对此表示反对,ns=EScxkRj&d_7。他认为美国不应该与任何欧洲大国,甚至是英国联系在一起W0TXom)+Ad。门罗接受了亚当斯的建议ya*-0bm5Q-g。1823年12月,门罗在给国会的信中提到了亚当斯的想法f(n32f95]h。我们称之为门罗主义PG1EzBSJ)#w%_I7;e2。总统表示,未来任何欧洲大国都不应试图在美洲的任何地方建立殖民地ih3Fj4Vr9NJ。他说,欧洲列强的政治体制与美洲有很大的不同i6&XEnv4deA;8.55e7j。门罗说,任何把欧洲的这一体系扩展到美洲的企图都将威胁到美国的和平与安全nl_GpN(ygxkyC8。总统还表示,美国没有干涉任何欧洲列强在南美洲的殖民地,将来也不会干涉|vH1JWBH#AL。但是,门罗表示,这些前殖民地中的一些州已经独立OS81=t+CTGq8XXscfAo。美国已经承认这些州的独立^^cuIN]r5Dg。他说:"我们认为,任何欧洲大国试图以任何方式压迫或控制这些新的美洲国家都是不友好的boT7SMJr0)z&N@,#i。"门罗表示,与此同时,美国从来没有、也永远不会参加欧洲列强之间的任何战争=499yQWp,~@ez。门罗的这一声明只是总统向国会传达信息中的一部分D91cVJD%z+R3WP^-_!,1

但它清楚地阐明了美国最重要的外交政策之一wQLVOsE#!yn[zzM.+xy。门罗任职总统期间,国家继续发展5BJUnEM5CM+(jFK(*6S。许多新的州加入了联邦D=F+v9_oFqcJ@Vk6。印第安那州、密西西比州、伊利诺斯州和阿拉巴马州都是1820年以前成立的&0Rz4GTI8Hwc。路易斯安那州成为美国从法国购买的路易斯安那领地的第一个州2QcHJHPB&a@,。路易斯安那领地的其余部分被命名为密苏里领地KT-Q)!ZGh@4[rayXn。到1819年,密苏里州部分地区的人口已经达到州的规模Y+~mCo]-a2W9Wn!Q。人们称之为密苏里州QxTdPBgF#r-GOIlIpH2N。但是,没有国会的批准,密苏里州不可能成立=XAR^c=N#(khHx。国会是不可能批准的.Os@|mpL^L0b0aYI6C.。问题是奴隶制ocS]=Hbd5J.5ds*aO。奴隶在美国并不鲜见VAY%L*=pw1@。几百年前,西班牙把奴隶带到西印度群岛Y7Hw,D+aQ,TQ3*。1619年,一艘船将20名非洲奴隶带到弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦[;O4S5!DPPy=3zXyd%=K。这些黑人被卖给农民zE+7CMXFAWvyqz8vhK。多年来,奴隶的使用遍及美洲各个殖民地*.|)yUnMEj。在农业发达的南方,奴隶比北方多得多nSRgZ0#CPjf。北方的农场规模较小,需要的人力也较少RFAY[Rp]Eo。但是南方的农场要大得多,需要很多人手tXHRq3[DqJaGokq!)J|。奴隶是最廉价的劳动力hCq|t;llBK9^oQCPTs9。在1800名奴隶被解放之前,北方大部分州已经通过了法律_jFhD&,sw=jNxJK!H&3,。甚至南部各州也禁止从非洲进口更多的奴隶b%V!mrAPzzHT=Y。但是那些已经拥有奴隶的南方人认为奴隶是必要的,他们拒绝释放奴隶!XFeSZ!7os*。法国和西班牙控制路易斯安那州时,奴隶制是合法的e)%L1Om@]NjG4S5XO@)。美国在购买路易斯安那州时并没有做任何改变GvKeaskzU8l);7。所以在密苏里州要求建立的时候奴隶制是被允许的;VX~Mq.0uSd8m|。纽约国会议员詹姆斯•塔尔马奇针对密苏里州成立的请求提出了一项修正案TCtkQEN]-n,fc|mN-;qU。塔尔马吉建议不再把更多的奴隶带到密苏里州,对于已经在那儿的奴隶,他们的孩子在25岁的时候就可以获得自由RTT2r&0O@8olAI]-
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塔尔马吉的提议引发了一场辩论,这场辩论持续了一年@(z!5MYqfSn。塔尔马奇的支持者辩称,他提出的修正案符合宪法s*d2Gftto,bwmx&。他们说,宪法赋予国会允许新州加入联邦的权利o!|8Qv)V,N2elpUOd*。他们表示,这也意味着,国会可以拒绝接纳新成立的州,除非这些州符合国会要求的条件U3.4r,fXkMK6]r2.,。修正案的支持者还说,北方和东部的小农无法与南方的农民和奴隶的自由劳动竞争(TvCVKY2kse9,)。他们认为这些北部和东部的农民和其他人一样拥有密苏里州的土地,_C|9ghU~mM。路易斯安那州的领土是通过所有美国人的税款买来的nL8Uz~7_CQQ。那些反对奴隶制的人还认为,如果密苏里州加入政府,那么蓄奴州在政府的话语权就太大了].S.;Ha|AN+I#aj。根据宪法,每5名奴隶中就有3名被列入人口统计,以决定众议院的席位w^STwZu&GBY.9vC.。过去,每当蓄奴州被承认加入联邦,自由州也会被承认b.sTao0XiSGs]7。这在国会保持了平衡XZyaF#|3kV2s8DsBPr。南方人对那些支持塔尔马奇修正案的人的每一个论点都有自己的观点oB9xfq7VT;@yVI*^4Q。他们一致认为,宪法赋予国会承认或拒绝州成立的权利6]E8kLKM3g-&Ew=]Ll。但他们表示,国会无权为州的成立创造条件n==7tROhCS(lYZZ^.qwM。马里兰州的威廉•平克尼认为,已经加入联邦的州是无条件加入的MGf7+a,Ew|!r_。他宣称,如果国会有权为新成立的州设定条件,那么这些新成立的州和成立了的州是不平等的VKC_4a!o)G4UGu80XTQ。美国将不再是一个平等各州的联盟~J4Z4zW^!OSDebwhldGa。双方辩论都很激烈K^g-_pRM=KsEO9I4%。乔治亚州众议员豪厄尔•科布对塔尔马吉说:"你引起了一场火灾^y3oNdU^y*sJH

所有的海水都不能把它扑灭,只有血海才能将它熄灭vX&n4E[,6jCTr2XbuIK。"众议院通过了密苏里法案和塔尔马奇修正案,该提案被参议院否决*eJH.,vrI+k+Q7。1820年新一届国会召开时,密苏里州的人民将再次争取州的地位TK8SPrbpSc3#。此时,另一自由州已经准备好加入联邦Kt+xID=HBr)1k0-。缅因州--在马萨诸塞州的许可下--要求成为一个独立的州gbK!jjxKuWjGY33pw=X。一名纽约国会议员再次试图为密苏里州的成立设定条件yTC[1s]kC^cS;Xzg|*!q。他提出一项修正案,要求密苏里州同意绝不允许任何形式的奴隶制进入其境内1&o4)NA%rvj1(a2g。众议院议长亨利•克莱说,只要密苏里州有任何条件,他就永远不会允许缅因州成为一个州mS*yr%b!28。克莱的力量不足以阻止众议院批准成立缅因州@xd#kC*07o-xTdyH。该议案已送交参议院批准zYqVxdaY;lF,t。然而,参议院同意将缅因州的法案和密苏里州的无限州制法案结合在一起!!oL2~za&X5。参议员们拒绝将两者分开xiS=G8T*#71+。最后,伊利诺伊州参议员托马斯提出了一个折中方案,fq|JAYqYqrEZCqCHK。他说,密苏里州应允许奴隶制存在Zi%mqE00Ka4v9jV6@c%。但是他表示,在路易斯安那州的北部地区是不允许奴隶制存在的[aAv)_Wszmh。该折中方案被接受了F3B&HL=8V.C%。国会批准了密苏里州和缅因州的成立e)1qT9g%JMTC。但是,直到门罗总统签署了这些法案,这些州才算成立2_Lj87mJ_#b(]。门罗总统不得不做出一个艰难的决定(tR7IH7)hf72YSUh|W0。他是奴隶主=gOh~H1]w]Yklvq。他的许多朋友敦促他否决限制路易斯安那州奴隶制的法案+xTaMZcrx*ItJR]E(F。选举人很快就会被选出来参加下届总统选举O3WFyOkT[P.VJwuT.。尽管如此,决定还是得做^qHS)]iG@Wv
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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • opposedadj. 反对的,敌对的 v. 和 ... 起冲突,反抗
  • separaten. 分开,抽印本 adj. 分开的,各自的,单独的 v
  • spreadv. 伸展,展开,传播,散布,铺开,涂撒 n. 伸展,传
  • permitn. 许可证,执照 v. 允许,许可
  • rebellionn. 谋反,叛乱,反抗
  • legaladj. 法律的,合法的,法定的
  • clayn. 粘土,泥土 n. (人的)肉体
  • compromisen. 妥协,折衷,折衷案 vt. 妥协处理,危害 vi.
  • refusev. 拒绝 n. 垃圾,废物 adj. 无用的
  • violentadj. 暴力的,猛烈的,极端的