VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解)哈利·杜鲁门赢得1948年的选举
日期:2020-06-03 15:08

(单词翻译:单击)

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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember. "I want to say to you, for the next four years, there'll be a Democrat in the White House, and you're looking at him." Presidential elections are exciting events in American politics. Few elections for the White House have been as exciting as the one in nineteen forty-eight. And few have had such surprising results. "This is NBC Television." "We have obtained the results from the state of Ohio which assures victory for President Truman and Senator Barkley. With Ohio's twenty-five electoral votes, President Truman and Senator Barkley will have a total of two hundred and sixty-six votes in the Electoral College. This is the minimum figure necessary for victory." Four candidates were nominated for president in the nineteen forty-eight election. One was the man already in the White House, the candidate of the Democratic Party, President Harry S. Truman.

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Truman had been the party's vice presidential candidate with Franklin Roosevelt in nineteen forty-four. When Roosevelt died a year later, Truman became president. He was the one who made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan to end World War Two. But Truman did not do well during his first few months in office. He made several serious mistakes. He had trouble with the economy and organized labor. His party lost control of the Senate and the House of Representatives in the congressional elections of nineteen forty-six. Most Americans had little faith in Truman's ability as a leader. They expected that he would lose the presidential election in nineteen forty-eight if he chose to be a candidate. President Truman did choose to run. He took several strong steps to show his leadership in the months following the Democratic defeat in the congressional elections. Truman called on Congress to pass a number of laws to help black people. He took firm actions in his foreign policy toward the Soviet Union. These included the Marshall Plan and the Berlin Airlift, as we discussed in our last two programs. And he began to speak out with much more strength to the American people.

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Truman succeeded in winning the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party. He chose Alben Barkley, a senator from Alabama, for vice president. "Senator Barkley and I will win this election and make these Republicans like it -- don't you forget that!" Truman declared in accepting the nomination. The Republicans nominated New York State Governor Thomas Dewey. Dewey was a wise and courageous man. He was also very serious. Truman campaigned by telling the voters that Dewey did not understand the needs of the average American. He called Dewey a candidate of rich people. One day, Dewey got angry at a railroad engineer because his campaign train was late for a speech. Truman said this proved that Dewey did not understand the problems of railroad engineers and other working Americans. He tried to make the election a choice between hard-working Democrats and rich Republicans. Two other men also were candidates for the presidency. Both were from newly created parties. One was Strom Thurmond from South Carolina. He was the candidate of the States Rights Democratic Party, also known as the Dixiecrat Party. Most of his supporters were white people from the southeastern part of the country. They opposed giving full rights to black people. The other candidate was Henry Wallace of the Progressive Party. His supporters believed that Truman had turned away from the progressive ideas of Franklin Roosevelt.

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Both Thurmond and Wallace had broken away from the Democratic Party. Most political experts believed these two candidates would take votes away from President Truman. They believed the Republican Dewey would surely win the election. President Truman did not have strong public support. But Harry Truman was a fighter. He did not believe the election was lost. He took his campaign to the American people. "On Election Day, the president, the Congress, the governor, the mayor all cease as the government. You are the government, because then you decide what sort of government you want. And when you do like you did in nineteen forty-six, when two-thirds of you stayed at home, you get just what you deserve -- you got that good for nothing Eightieth Congress." He said he had always campaigned by going around talking to people and meeting them. Running for president was no different, he said. He just got on a train and started across the country to tell people what was going on. He wanted to talk to them face to face. When you stand there in front of them and talk to them, he said, the people can tell whether you are telling them the facts or not. "If you give the Republicans complete control of this government, you might just as well turn it over to the special interests, and we'll start on a boom-and-bust cycle and try to go through just what we did in the twenties and end up with a crash, which in the long run will do nobody any good but the communists." Truman campaigned with great energy.

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He made hundreds of speeches as his train crossed the country. It became known as the "whistle stop" campaign, because it stopped at some of the smallest towns and villages in the country. Truman gave speeches from the back of his campaign train, the Ferdinand Magellan. He spoke to farmers in Iowa. He visited a children's home in Texas. And he discussed issues with small groups of people who came to visit his train when it stopped in rural areas of Montana and Idaho. Dewey and the Republicans laughed at Truman's campaign. They said it showed that Truman needed votes so badly that he had to spend his time looking for them in small villages. Truman said the criticism proved that Republicans did not care for the average American. Dewey also campaigned across the country by train. But he showed little of the fire and emotion in his speeches that made Truman's campaign so exciting. Dewey's speeches were "safe." One reporter wrote that Dewey was acting like a man who had already been elected and was only passing time, waiting to take office. Dewey had good reasons to feel so sure of being elected. Almost every political expert in the country said Truman had no chance to win. The Wall Street Journal, for example, printed a story about what Dewey would do in the White House after the election. And the New York Times said that Dewey would win the election by a large majority.

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Truman refused to accept these views. Instead, he spoke with more and more emotion against Dewey. Most Americans still believed that Truman would lose. But they liked his courage in fighting until the end. One supporter shouted "Give 'em hell, Harry!" -- "them" being the Republicans. Soon supporters across the country were shouting "Give 'em hell, Harry!" Truman made special appeals to working people, Jews, blacks, Catholics and other traditional supporters of the Democratic Party. In his final radio speech before the election, he promised to work for peace and a government that would help all people. Then he went to his home in the state of Missouri to wait with the rest of the country for the election results. Republicans across the country greeted Election Day happily. They were sure that this was the day that the people would choose to send a Republican back to the White House after sixteen years. Some of the early voting results from the northeastern states showed Truman winning. But few Republicans worried. They were sure Dewey would be the winner when all the votes were counted.

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The Chicago Tribune was also sure who the next president would be, declaring in a huge headline "Dewey Defeats Truman." But the newspaper was wrong. Everyone was wrong. Everyone, that is, except Harry Truman and the Americans who gave him their votes. Truman went to bed on election night before all the votes were counted. He told his assistant that he would win. He awoke early the next morning to learn that he was right. Not only did he defeat Dewey, as he thought he would, but he won by a good number of votes. And he helped many Democratic congressional candidates win as well. The Democrats captured both houses of Congress. After the results were announced, as heard in this old recording Truman showed his sense of humor by joking about the predictions of his defeat.

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"I had on the National Broadcasting Company and Kaltenborn was saying ‘While the president is a million votes ahead in the popular vote, we have yet to hear from, and we are very sure that when the country votes come in, Mr. Truman will be defeated by an overwhelming majority.' And I went back to bed and went to sleep." Harry Truman would make many difficult decisions as America moved into the second half of the twentieth century. Truman would send American troops to help the United Nations defend South Korea against aggression from the North. He would join other Western leaders in establishing a new alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. They established NATO to provide for the joint defense of Europe and North America. Truman and later presidents would make decisions to send large amounts of economic and military aid to countries around the world. Many of these decisions were necessary because of America's new responsibilities after World War Two as leader of the Western world.

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重点解析

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1.a total of 总共;总计

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Out of a total of 2,602 pupils only 922 passed the test.

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所有2,602名学生中,只有922名通过了测试0!aQgrpYrSKqWqwym

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2.lose control of 失去对……的控制;失去控制

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You actually lose control when you lose control of your emotions.

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当你失去对自己情绪的控制实际上你就失去了控制gaf9.K|r7Zk.Bt~L1|+

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3.be angry at 生…的气

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You have to be angry at what's happening.

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对发生的事你应该感到愤怒才对啊Vl,lLVL,0(*p,

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4.go through 经历;经受

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Going through his list of customers is a massive job.

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查阅他的客户名单是个相当费劲的活儿y;NupUaKTM

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参考译文

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欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目,我是史蒂夫·恩伯Ae-x8k9tjt---+5#~u@#。“我想对你说,在接下来的四年里,白宫里会有一位民主党人,你现在正看着他~xd78oQ![Kh5FOc~WF。”总统选举是美国政治中激动人心的事件,很少有白宫的选举能像1948年那样令人兴奋7A-2t,%asM+btrozyN6f。很少会出现如此惊人的结果QxIb3V_Zg]^R&&1。“这是NBC电视台Qadj5oMvN3%g81UYxj。”“我们已经从俄亥俄州获得了结果,这保证了杜鲁门总统和巴克利参议员的胜利z-@ebU1@G&#rD-EX.#q。在俄亥俄州获得25张选举人投票的情况下,杜鲁门总统和巴克利参议员将在选举团中获得总计260张选票,这是取得胜利所必需的最低票数wsfNzfoeNH54C&。”在1948年的选举中,有四名候选人被提名为总统候选人NGiw45fuIa)l。一位已经入主白宫,民主党候选人杜鲁门总统SLE6+TTt(;H

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1944年,杜鲁门曾与富兰克林·罗斯福一道成为民主党的副总统候选人FMF;yXL==,,.dtH。一年后罗斯福去世,杜鲁门就任总统i#x[u]=oLORAM。他是决定向日本投掷原子弹,以结束第二次世界大战的人_8!x6gaQb7Oa。但是,杜鲁门在上任的头几个月表现不佳,他犯下几个严重的错误@DN8VxEM!w。他在经济和有组织的劳工方面碰到困难6;dXyZ+q*UY+[)K。他的政党在1946年的国会选举中,失去了对参议院和众议院的控制=fc2;QP6s3。大多数美国人对杜鲁门的领导能力缺乏信心=#|D)-RNswGTkhxd。他们预计,如果他选择成为候选人,将在1948年的总统选举中失败nXai_nj[-)=。杜鲁门总统确实选择了参选,民主党在国会选举中失败后的几个月里,他采取了几项强有力的措施来显示自己的领导能力]FhVCVLxseZZV。杜鲁门呼吁国会通过一系列法律来帮助黑人,他对苏联的外交政策采取了坚定的行动1_*d1a]bt%yNVt。其中包括马歇尔计划和柏林空运,正如我们在最近两期节目中所讨论的RPtd*6QJQ4]%#RF。他开始秉承更强大的力量向美国人民发表讲话Ry7^zgXKJH.c

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杜鲁门成功地赢得了民主党的总统提名,他选择阿拉巴马州参议员阿尔本·巴克利为副总统sP];,5^4VuTY。”我和巴克利参议员将赢得这次选举,并使这些共和党人喜欢它——别忘记这一点!”杜鲁门宣布接受提名EH+1~Lz&w(40y。共和党提名纽约州州长托马斯·杜威RxZ]Zu@Xt*JxI-8m。杜威聪明,也颇具胆识,他为人严肃L%aMKW2x9)Ai。杜鲁门竞选时告诉选民,杜威不了解普通美国人的需要,称杜威是富人的候选人4)V#!BeJfHwY=。有一天,杜威对一个铁路工程师很生气,因为他的竞选火车晚点,使演讲推迟T3i[N32fNXh2^7B5uF+7。杜鲁门说,这证明杜威不了解铁路工程师和其他美国工人的问题,他试图在努力工作的民主党人和富有的共和党人之间做出选择UIDkY2RD|Mc,^。另外两人也是总统候选人,两人都来自新成立的政党M*4@B!.CM7。一位是南卡罗来纳州的斯特罗姆·瑟蒙德,他是国家权利民主党的候选人,该党也称作州权民主党RAAKHZl7iG%kdng~zfLC。其大多数支持者是来自美国东南部的白人,他们反对给予黑人充分的权利zGJ]nIt[OoH6Y9NDuT。另一位候选人是进步党的亨利·华莱士,其支持者认为,杜鲁门已经背离了富兰克林·罗斯福的进步思想[E;5!d%htwUa&gTXE

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瑟蒙德和华莱士都脱离了民主党8u&v__a1FNvf。多数政治专家认为,这两位候选人将夺走杜鲁门总统的选票lTopBCaT^Ht=t。他们相信,共和党人杜威一定会赢得选举,杜鲁门总统没有得到公众的大力支持P85*ezTJrMTs8nXm。但哈里·杜鲁门是位斗士,他不相信选举会落败.|+pxvz7g;Abr1!y。他把竞选活动带给美国人民OMEoc^[&e;。“在选举当天,总统、国会、州长、市长都不再代表政府_kZ]gSgO4QV。你就是政府,因为你决定自己想要什么样的政府Nbw-bdtg!|U6。当你像1964年那样,三分之二的人待在家里,你得到了自己应得的东西——第80届国会由此产生F==U+7Me&Du。” 他说,他一直通过四处与人交谈,并与他们见面来竞选,竞选总统没有什么不同U.IqU@-^e(;rid0。他刚上了火车,开始在全国各地告诉人们发生了什么事*ensaj44qPi。他想和他们面对面交谈0MR#Mfam,59。当你站在他们面前和他们谈话时,人们就能知道你是否在讲述实情_6EbiOp6@Ny。“如果让共和党人完全控制这届政府,你不妨把它交给特殊利益集团&B;c8fpg@|1ubaRaeZn8。我们将开始一个繁荣与萧条的循环,试着经历20年代所做的事情,最后以崩溃告终@i4wI0ebH8;.6a7kzn。从长远来看,除了共产党人,这对任何人都没有好处vowHy4RN#=。”杜鲁门精力充沛地开展竞选OX+R0B~oMowKnBVuV

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火车横越全国,发表了数百次演讲SXH|a5udW,|。这被称为“哨声停止”运动,因为火车会在全国最小的一些城镇和村庄停靠TKvMiF5.#RnfiLR+=。杜鲁门在竞选班车“费迪南德麦哲伦”号的后座上发表演讲5N7MKgR=uu+r3。他和爱荷华州的农民交谈,参观得克萨斯州的儿童之家,当火车停在蒙大拿州和爱达荷州的农村地区时,他和前来参观火车的一小群人讨论了一些问题_xfa_j0W[x_9,J3-。杜威和共和党人嘲笑杜鲁门的竞选8I,T9fq4JU;]XK#aZ+4。他们说,这表明杜鲁门非常需要选票,他不得不花时间在小村庄里寻找选票4Z)BS;zh1u08_9!2n96*。杜鲁门说,这些批评证明共和党人并不关心普通民众3YGMIQrCUqFAf|9dwp。杜威还乘火车在全国各地竞选,但杜鲁门的竞选活动如此激动人心,他在演讲中几乎没有表现出激情和情感~zlTH4U%b~S。杜威的演讲听起来很“安全”@xAv=8Xx!4+ij[qwnQK4。一位记者写道,杜威的行为就像一个已经当选的人,只是在等待就职&XN)yy2e7=。杜威有充分的理由相信自己会当选,几乎全国所有的政治专家都说杜鲁门没有获胜的机会EvszC6&k0~CsQ#Z+zq;G。例如,《华尔街日报》刊登了一篇关于杜威当选后将在白宫做什么的报道V030I4nP.k0。《纽约时报》说,杜威将以绝大多数票赢得选举MI*Sv8!bJa@t)W

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杜鲁门拒绝接受这些观点fTpsuyvE;z!My2V#Ok。相反,他在反对杜威时越来越多地卷入情绪mPY5!oeJR4lAj=ZMq。大多数美国人仍然相信,杜鲁门会输,但他们喜欢他战斗到底的勇气,%byMX&OzQi。一个支持者喊道:“让他们下地狱,哈利!”——“他们”是说共和党人,很快全国的支持者都在喊“让他们下地狱,哈利!”杜鲁门特别呼吁劳动人民、犹太人、黑人、天主教徒和民主党的其他传统支持者nFo2J7pXQ;!]x2*dN。在选举前的最后一次广播讲话中,他承诺为和平和一个帮助所有人的政府而努力sM.E1Li*fRD。然后,他回到密苏里州的家中,与全国人民一起等待选举结果q~+P!CV8gr5,jB。全国的共和党人高兴地迎接选举日8PNl;flCf&U32rGzSmto。他们确信,在16年后的今天,人民会选择将共和党人送回白宫&1b3sf1LR1。一些来自东北部各州的早期投票结果显示,杜鲁门获胜nN=l@gX,4x25ZHEx#。但很少有共和党人为此而担心V*UV,X5eYQ&Yp0rluaB。他们确信,计票时杜威会赢得选举0EFaJkR5RA_

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《芝加哥论坛报》也很确定下一任总统是谁,在一个巨大的标题中宣布是“杜威击败杜鲁门”oN6nq0B6Zo#6x。但报纸错了,每个人都错了q@m@)vnuF*P。每个人,也就是说,除了哈里·杜鲁门和给他投票的美国人]nN%Q]xWeY&。杜鲁门在选举当晚上床睡觉,然后计票#M-NRsY,a2!.w5u]]。他告诉助手,自己会赢5#nRN-J2QY。他第二天一早醒来,才知道自己是对的DuI6pcXR[W!]D!oHcg。他不仅像他想的那样击败了杜威,而且赢得了许多选票ckiz_^tB*1fMDK。他还帮助许多民主党国会候选人获胜,民主党占领了国会两院J[nnHe.o7D7。结果公布后,在这段久远的录音中可以听到,杜鲁门通过开玩笑预测自己的失败,由此显示出他的幽默感2iKAu%S#XEderd

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“我在国家广播公司接受采访时,卡尔滕伯恩说,虽然总统在民众投票中领先一百万张选票,但我们还没有听到结果-R=6h^tEtHESN,。我们非常确信,当全国的选票到来时,杜鲁门将以压倒性的多数选票失利;.|Hzqs9a6Nnk-BP)9。”我又回到床上去睡觉-qwn%Z^pxyobwn9-。”随着美国进入20世纪下半叶,哈利·杜鲁门将做出许多艰难的决定yn^Jsy&Ntniiw#dWf。杜鲁门将派遣美国军队帮助联合国保护韩国免受来自朝鲜的侵略,他将和其他西方领导人一道建立新联盟,即北大西洋公约组织H=m*sVbE8yM3b2。他们建立北大西洋公约组织(北约),以提供欧洲和北美的联合防御;LSvylZWD;9ma。杜鲁门和后来的总统,将决定向世界各国提供大量的经济和军事援助CMsy(g~JslR~(T_[,[B。其中许多决定都是必要的,因为美国在二战后作为西方世界的领袖承担了新的职责m[_2Mv.VSaGbW)JK6

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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