(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION – American history in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember. Today, we tell about life in the United States during the nineteen sixties. The nineteen sixties began with the election of the first president born in the twentieth century -- John Kennedy. For many Americans, the young president represented a spirit of hope for the nation. When Kennedy was murdered in nineteen sixty-three, many felt that their hopes died, too. This was especially true of young people, and members and supporters of minority groups. A time of innocence and hope soon began to look like a time of anger and violence. More Americans protested to demand an end to the unfair treatment of black citizens. Many more protested to demand an end to the war in Vietnam. And many protested to demand full equality for women. By the middle of the nineteen sixties, it had become almost impossible for President Lyndon Johnson to leave the White House without facing protesters against the war in Vietnam.
In March of nineteen sixty-eight, Johnson announced that he would not seek another term in office. In addition to President Kennedy, two other influential Americans were murdered during the nineteen sixties. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Junior was shot in Memphis, Tennessee, in nineteen sixty-eight. Several weeks later, Robert Kennedy -- John Kennedy's brother -- was shot in Los Angeles, California. He was campaigning to win his party's nomination for president. The two murders resulted in riots in cities across the country. The unrest and violence affected many young Americans. The effect seemed especially bad because of the time in which they had grown up. By the middle nineteen fifties, most of their parents had jobs that paid well. They expressed satisfaction with their lives. They taught their children what were called middle class values. These included a belief in God, hard work and service to their country. Later, many young Americans began to question these beliefs. They felt that their parents' values were not enough to help them deal with the social and racial difficulties of the nineteen sixties. They rebelled by letting their hair grow long and by wearing unusual clothing. Their dissatisfaction was strongly expressed in music.
Rock and roll music had become very popular in America in the nineteen fifties. Some people, however, did not approve of it. They thought it was too sexual. These people disliked the rock and roll of the nineteen sixties even more. They found the words especially unpleasant. The musicians themselves thought the words were extremely important. As singer and song writer Bob Dylan said, "There would be no music without the words." Bob Dylan produced many songs of social protest. He wrote anti-war songs before the war in Vietnam became a violent issue in the United States. One was called "Blowin' in the Wind." In addition to songs of social protest, rock and roll music continued to be popular in America during the nineteen sixties. The most popular group, however, was not American. It was British -- the Beatles -- four rock and roll musicians from Liverpool. The Beatles' song "I Want to Hold Your Hand" went on sale in the United States at the end of nineteen sixty-three. Within five weeks, it was the biggest-selling record in the country. Other songs, including some by the Beatles, sounded more revolutionary. They spoke about drugs and sex, although not always openly. In the nineteen sixties, "do your own thing" became a common expression. It meant to do whatever you wanted, without feeling guilty. Five hundred thousand young Americans did their own thing at the Woodstock music festival in nineteen sixty-nine.
They gathered at a farm in New York state. They listened to musicians such as Jimi Hendrix and Joan Baez, and to groups like The Who and Jefferson Airplane. Woodstock became a symbol of the young peoples' rebellion against traditional values. Many young people called themselves hippies. Hippies believed there should be more love and personal freedom in America. In nineteen sixty-seven, poet Allen Ginsberg helped lead a gathering of hippies in San Francisco. No one knows exactly how many people considered themselves hippies. But twenty thousand attended the gathering. Another leader of the event was Timothy Leary. "Now, energy comes ... " He was a former university professor and researcher. Leary urged the crowd in San Francisco to "tune in and drop out." This meant they should use drugs and leave school or their job. One drug that was used in the nineteen sixties was lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD. LSD causes the brain to see strange, colorful images. It also can cause brain damage. Some people say the Beatles' song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" was about LSD. As many Americans were listening to songs about drugs and sex, many others were watching television programs with traditional family values. These included "The Andy Griffith Show" and "The Beverly Hillbillies." At the movies, some films captured the rebellious spirit of the times. These included "The Graduate" and "Doctor Strangelove."
"Deterrence is the art of producing, in the mind of the enemy, the fear to attack. And so, because of the automated and irrevocable decision-making process, which rules out human meddling, the Doomsday Machine is terrifying and simple to understand, and completely credible and convincing." "Gee, I wish we had one of them Doomsday Machines." Others offered escape through spy adventures, like the James Bond films. Many Americans refused to tune in and drop out in the nineteen-sixties. They took no part in the social revolution. Instead, they continued leading normal lives of work, family, and home. Others, the activists of American society, were busy fighting for peace, and racial and social justice. Women's groups, for example, were seeking equality with men. They wanted the same chances as men to get a good education and a good job. They also demanded equal pay for equal work. A widely popular book on women in modern America was called "The Feminine Mystique." It was written by Betty Friedan and published in nineteen sixty-three. The idea known as the feminine mystique was the traditional idea that women have only one part to play in society. They are to have children and stay at home to raise them. In her book, Ms. Friedan urged women to establish professional lives of their own.
In the early nineteen sixties, a committee was appointed to investigate the condition of women. It was led by Eleanor Roosevelt. She was a former first lady. The committee's findings helped lead to new rules and laws. The nineteen sixty-four Civil Rights Act guaranteed equal treatment for all groups. This included women. After the law went into effect, however, many activists said it was not being enforced. The National Organization for Women -- NOW -- was started in an effort to correct the problem. The movement for women's equality was known as the women's liberation movement. Activists were called "women's libbers." They called each other "sisters." Early activists were usually rich, liberal white women. Later activists included women of all ages, women of color, rich and poor, educated and uneducated. They acted together to win recognition for the work done by all women in America.
重点解析
1.in addition to 除……之外；除了
In addition to my weekly wage, I got a lot of tips.
除了每周的薪水外，我还能得到不少小费。
2.deal with 处理；对付
When I worked in Florida I dealt with British people all the time.
在佛罗里达工作时，我总与英国人有生意往来。
3.go on sale 上市；出售
All tickets go on sale this Friday.
所有票在本星期五开始销售。
4.listen to 倾听；收听
Anne, you need to listen to me this time.
安妮，这次你得听我的。
参考译文
欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目，我是史蒂夫·恩伯。今天，我们讲述20世纪60年代美国的生活。20世纪60年代，第一位出生于20世纪的总统约翰·肯尼迪当选。对许多美国人来说，这位年轻的总统代表了对国家充满希望的一种精神。当肯尼迪在1963年遭到谋杀时，许多人感到他们的希望也破灭了。年轻人、少数群体成员和支持者尤其如此。一个纯真和希望的时代，很快就演变成愤怒和暴力的时代。更多的美国人抗议，要求结束对黑人公民的不公平待遇。更多的人抗议要求结束越南战争，还有许多人抗议要求女性享受完全平等的待遇。到20世纪60年代中期，林登·约翰逊总统离开白宫时，几乎不可能不面对反对越南战争的抗议者。
1968年3月，约翰逊宣布他将不再寻求连任。除了肯尼迪总统，还有两位有影响力的美国人在20世纪60年代遭遇谋杀。民权领袖马丁·路德·金于1968年在田纳西州孟菲斯遭到枪杀。几周后，约翰·肯尼迪的弟弟罗伯特·肯尼迪在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶被枪杀。他当时正在参加竞选，争取赢得其党内的总统提名。这两起谋杀案在全国各城市引发骚乱，动乱和暴力影响了许多美国年轻人。由于他们成长的时期，这些事件的效果似乎特别糟糕。到20世纪50年代中期，他们的父母大部分拥有收入丰厚的工作，他们对自己的生活表示满意。他们教授给孩子中产阶级价值观，包括对上帝的信仰、努力工作和效忠国家。后来，许多美国年轻人开始质疑这些信仰。他们觉得父母的价值观不足以帮助他们解决20世纪60年代的社会和种族问题。他们通过留长发，穿怪异的服装进行反抗。他们的不满在音乐中得到了强烈的表达。
摇滚乐在20世纪50年代的美国非常流行。然而，有些人对它并不赞同。他们认为，摇滚乐太过性感。这些人更不喜欢20世纪60年代的摇滚乐，他们发现歌词令人非常不快。音乐家们也认为这些歌词非常重要，正如歌手兼作词家鲍勃·迪伦所说：“没有歌词，就没有音乐。”鲍勃·迪伦创作出许多抗议社会的歌曲，在越南战争成为美国的暴力事件之前，曾写过反战歌曲。其中一首叫做“随风飘扬”。除了抗议社会的歌曲，摇滚乐在20世纪60年代继续在美国流行。然而，最受欢迎的群体不是美国人，而是英国的披头士乐队，这是四位来自利物浦的摇滚乐手。披头士乐队的歌曲“我想牵着你的手”，于1963年底在美国发行。不到五周时间，它就成为全国销量最高的唱片。其他歌曲，包括披头士乐队的一些歌曲，听起来更具革命性。它们谈论毒品与性，尽管并不总是公开谈论。在20世纪60年代，“做自己的事”成为普遍的表达，这意味着做自己想做的事，而不用感到内疚。在1969年伍德斯托克音乐节上，50万美国年轻人做着他们自己的事情。
他们聚集在纽约州的一个农场，聆听音乐人如吉米·亨德里克斯和琼·贝兹，以及像“谁”和“杰斐逊飞机公司”这种团体的音乐。伍德斯托克成为年轻人反抗传统价值观的象征，许多年轻人自称嬉皮士。嬉皮士认为，美国应该更加充满爱和个人自由。在1967年，诗人艾伦·金斯伯格在旧金山帮助领导嬉皮士聚会。没有人知道到底有多少人认为自己是嬉皮士。但是，有两万人参加了聚会。这次活动的另一位领导人是蒂莫西·利里。“现在，能量来了…”他曾是大学教授和研究员，利里敦促聚集在旧金山的人群“收看电视节目，不要把自己置身事外”。这意味着他们应该吸毒，离开学校或工作岗位。20世纪60年代使用的一种药物是，麦角酸二乙胺。这种药物会使大脑看到奇怪、彩色的图像，它也会导致大脑损伤。有人说，披头士乐队的歌曲《露西在缀满钻石的天上》中所唱的，就是关于这种药物。当许多美国人在听有关毒品与性的歌曲时，许多其他人则在观看具有传统家庭价值观的电视节目。其中包括《安迪·格里菲斯秀》和《贝弗利乡巴佬》。在电影中，一些影片捕捉到了时代的反叛精神。其中包括《毕业生》和《奇爱博士》。
“威慑是在敌人的头脑中，产生对攻击感到恐惧的艺术。因此，由于自动化和不可撤销的决策过程，排除掉人为干预，世界末日机器令人恐惧、简单易懂，能让人完全信服。”“哎呀，我真希望我们拥有一台末日机器。”其他人则提供间谍冒险，比如詹姆斯·邦德等电影，来逃避现实。在20世纪60年代，许多美国人拒绝收看电视节目，而且把自己置身事外。他们不参加社会革命。相反，他们继续过着正常的工作和家庭生活，美国社会的积极分子等其它人，正忙着为和平、种族和社会正义而战。例如，女性团体正在寻求与男子的平等地位。她们想和男人一样，拥有接受良好教育并找到好工作的机会。她们还要求同工同酬。一本在现代美国广受欢迎的关于女性的书叫做《女性的神秘感》，作者贝蒂·弗里丹，出版于1963年。被称为女性神秘感的观念是一种传统观念，即女性在社会中只能扮演一种角色。她们养孩子，呆在家里抚养孩子。弗里丹在书中敦促，女性建立自己的职业生活。
在20世纪60年代早期，人们任命了一个委员会来调查女性的状况。埃莉诺·罗斯福是该委员会的领导人，她是前第一夫人。委员会的调查结果，有助于制定新规则和法律。1964年的《民权法案》，保障所有群体能受到平等待遇，其中包括女性。然而，这项法律生效后，许多激进分子表示，这项法律并未得到执行。全国妇女组织（NOW）是为了纠正这个问题而成立的。女性平等运动被称为女性解放运动，人们把激进人士称为“女性解放运动的组织成员”，她们称呼彼此为“姐妹”。早期的激进人士通常是富有、自由的白人女性。后来的激进分子包括各个年龄段的女性，有色人种女性，有富人也有穷人，有人受过教育，也有人未受过教育。她们共同行动，为美国所有女性所做的工作赢得了认可。
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