(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Today we tell about the Korean War.
The biggest problem facing Dwight Eisenhower when he became president of the United States was the continuing conflict in Korea. Eisenhower was elected in November nineteen fifty-two. At the time, the United States had been helping South Korea fight North Korea for more than two years. About twenty other members of the United Nations were helping South Korea, too. They provided troops, equipment, and medical aid. During the last days of the American presidential election campaign, Eisenhower announced that he would go to Korea. He thought such a trip would help end the war. Eisenhower kept his promise. He went to Korea after he won the election, but before he was sworn-in as president. Yet there was no permanent peace in Korea until July of the next year, nineteen fifty-three.
The war started when North Korean troops invaded South Korea. Both sides believed they should control all of the country. The dream of a united Korea was a powerful one. From nineteen-ten until World War Two, Japan ruled Korea. In an agreement at the end of the war, Soviet troops occupied the North. They accepted the surrender of Japanese troops and set up a military government. American troops did the same in the South. The border dividing north and south was the geographic line known as the thirty-eighth parallel. A few years later, the United Nations General Assembly ordered free elections for all of Korea. With U.N. help, the South established the Republic of Korea. Syngman Rhee was elected the first president. On the other side of the thirty-eighth parallel, however, the Soviets refused to permit U.N. election officials to enter the North. They established a communist government there, called the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Kim Il-sung was named premier. Five years after the end of World War Two, the United States had withdrawn almost all its troops from South Korea. It was not clear if America would defend the South from attack. South Korea had an army. But it was smaller and less powerful than the North Korean army. North Korea decided the time was right to invade. On June twenty-fifth, nineteen fifty, North Korean soldiers crossed the thirty-eighth parallel.
The U.N. Security Council demanded that they go back. Two days later, it approved military support for South Korea. The Soviet delegate had boycotted the meeting that day. If he had been present, the resolution would have been defeated. The U.N. demand did not stop the North Korean troops. They continued to push south. In a week, they were on the edge of the capital, Seoul. America's president at that time, Harry Truman, ordered air and sea support for South Korea. A few days later, he announced that American ground forces would be sent, too. Truman wanted an American to command U.N. troops in Korea. The U.N. approved his choice: General Douglas MacArthur. Week after week, more U.N. forces arrived. Yet by August, they had been pushed back to the Pusan perimeter. This was a battle line around an area near the port city of Pusan in the southeast corner of Korea. North Korean forces tried to break through the Pusan perimeter. They began a major attack August sixth. They lost many men, however. By the end of the month, they withdrew. The next month, general MacArthur directed a surprise landing of troops in South Korea. They arrived at the port of Inchon on the northwest coast.
The landing was extremely dangerous. The daily change in the level of the sea was as much as nine meters. The boats had to get close to shore and land at high tide. If they waited too long, the water level would drop, and they would be trapped in the mud with little protection. The soldiers on the boats would be easy targets. The landing at Inchon was successful. The additional troops quickly divided the North Korean forces, which had been stretched from north to south. At the same time, UN air and sea power destroyed the northern army's lines of communication. On October first, South Korean troops moved into North Korea. They captured the capital, Pyongyang. Then they moved toward the Yalu River, the border between North Korea and China. China warned against moving closer to the border. General MacArthur ordered the troops to continue their attacks. He repeatedly said he did not believe that China would enter the war in force. He was wrong. Several hundred thousand Chinese soldiers crossed into North Korea in October and November. Still, General MacArthur thought the war would be over by the Christmas holiday, December twenty-fifth. This was not to happen. The U.N. troops were forced to withdraw from Pyongyang. And, by the day before Christmas, there had been a huge withdrawal by sea from the coastal city of Hungnam. In the first days of nineteen fifty-one, the North Koreans recaptured Seoul. The U.N. troops withdrew about forty kilometers south of the city. They reorganized and, two months later, took control of Seoul again.
Then the war changed. The two sides began fighting along a line north of the thirty-eighth parallel. They exchanged control of the same territory over and over again. Men were dying, but no one was winning. The cost in lives was huge. General MacArthur had wanted to cross into China and drop bombs on Manchuria. He also had wanted to use Nationalist Chinese troops against the communists. President Truman feared that these actions might start another world war. He would not take this chance. When MacArthur disagreed with his policies in public, Truman dismissed him. In June, nineteen fifty-one, the Soviet delegate to the United Nations proposed a ceasefire for Korea. Peace talks began, first at Kaesong, then at Panmunjom. By November, hope was strong for a settlement. But negotiators could not agree about several issues, including the return of prisoners. The U.N. demanded that prisoners of war be permitted to choose if they wanted to go home. The different issues could not be resolved after more than a year. Finally, in October nineteen fifty-two, the peace talks were suspended.
Fighting continued during the negotiations. As it did, President Truman lost support. This was one reason why he decided not to run for re-election. The new president, Dwight Eisenhower, took office in January nineteen fifty-three. Eisenhower had campaigned to end the war. He was willing to use severe measures to do this. Years later, he wrote that he secretly threatened to expand the war and use nuclear weapons if the Soviets did not help restart the peace talks. Such measures were not necessary. In a few months, North Korea accepted an earlier U.N. offer to trade prisoners who were sick or wounded. The two sides finally signed a peace treaty on July twenty-seventh, nineteen fifty-three. The treaty provided for the exchange of about ninety thousand prisoners of war. It also permitted prisoners to choose if they wanted to go home. The war in Korea damaged almost all of the country. As many as two million people may have died, including many civilians. After the war, the United States provided hundreds of thousands of soldiers to help the South guard against attack from the north. Half a century has passed since the truce. Yet Korea is still divided. And many of the same issues still threaten the Korean people, and the world.
重点解析
1.Peace talk 和平谈判
The present conflict may provide fresh impetus for peace talk.
目前的冲突可能会给和谈提供新的推动力。
2.South Korean 韩国
The South Korean reactor, for instance, had issues early on with its fuel containers bowing; stiffening them had solved the problem.
韩国的那座反应堆最初也由于燃料容器弯曲而出现问题，在坚固容器后问题就解决了。
3.Pusan perimeter 釜山环形防御圈
North Korean forces attempted to break through the Pusan perimeter.
朝鲜势力企图突破釜山周长。
4.Seoul 首尔
They are Koreans, from Seoul.
他们是韩国人，从汉城 来。
5.nuclear weapons 核武器
It is purely for self-defence that we have produced some nuclear weapons.
我们搞一点核武器完全是为了自卫。
参考译文
今天我们讲述的是朝鲜战争。
德怀特·艾森豪威尔就任美国总统时面临的最大问题是朝鲜半岛持续不断的冲突。1952年11月，艾森豪威尔当选美国总统。当时，美国帮助韩国对抗朝鲜已有两年多。联合国的其他二十名左右成员也为韩国提供军队、设备和医疗援助。美国总统竞选的最后几天，艾森豪威尔宣布将前往韩国。他认为此次韩国之旅将有助于结束战争，艾森豪威尔遵守他的诺言。艾森豪威尔在赢得大选之后，还没来得及上任就去了韩国。然而，直到1953年7月，朝鲜才实现永久和平。朝鲜军队入侵韩国成为战争的导火索，双方都认为自己应该统制整个朝鲜半岛，很多人都梦想朝鲜实现统一。1910年到二战期间，日本统治了韩国。战后达成的协议中规定，苏联占领朝鲜。苏联接受了日军投降，成立了军政府，美国在南部也是如此。南北分界线是人们熟知的地理分界线——三八线。几年后，联合国大会下令全国实行自由选举。在联合国的帮助下，韩国成立了大韩民国，李承晚当选为第一届总统。然而，在三八线的另一边，苏联拒绝联合国选举官员进入朝鲜。苏联在朝鲜成立共产主义政府——朝鲜民主主义人民共和国，任命金日成为首相。二战结束后五年，美国从韩国几乎撤回了全部的军事力量。目前尚不清楚美国是否会保卫韩国，韩国有一支军队，但和朝鲜军队相比，规模更小，军事力量也更弱。朝鲜认定此时是入侵的最佳时机。
1950年6月25日，朝鲜士兵越过了三八线。联合国安理会要求他们后退，两天后，联合国安理会批准了对韩的军事支持。苏联代表拒绝参加当天会议。如果苏联代表当时在场的话，这项决议就会被否决。朝鲜军队没有遵照联合国的要求，反而继续向南挺进。一周后，朝鲜军队抵达韩国首都——首尔的边界。当时美国总统哈里•杜鲁门下令向韩国提供空中和海上支援。几天后，杜鲁门宣布将派遣美国陆地部队支援韩国。杜鲁门想要派遣一名美国人在朝鲜指挥联合国军队。此决定得到了联合国批准：道格拉斯•麦克阿瑟将军。接下来的几周，联合国军队陆续涌进。然而8月，他们又被迫退至釜山防御线，这是韩国东南部港口城市釜山附近的战线。朝鲜军队试图突破釜山防线，8月6日，朝军开始发动大规模进攻。然而，死伤众多。月底，朝鲜军队撤退。第二个月，麦克阿瑟将军带领军队在韩国突袭着陆，抵达西北海岸的仁川港。着陆险象环生，海平面日变化高达9米。涨潮时，船必须着陆。如果等得太久，水位就会下降，他们就会困在泥里，缺乏防御保护措施，船上的士兵很快会被敌人发现。仁川登陆成功，增援部队很快瓦解了朝鲜军事力量，由北向南挺进。与此同时，联合国的空中和海上力量破坏了朝鲜军队的通讯线路。
10月1日，韩国军队进入朝鲜，占领首都平壤。然后向中朝边界鸭绿江进发。中国警告韩国停止靠近边境。麦克阿瑟将军命令军队继续进攻。他多次表示，他认为中国不会参战。他错了，10月和11月，数十万中国士兵越境进入朝鲜。不过，麦克阿瑟将军认为战争将于12月25日圣诞节假期结束。战争不会在圣诞节结束，联合国军队被迫从平壤撤出。而且，圣诞节的前一天，许多士兵由海路从沿海城市兴南撤离。1951年的头几天，朝鲜再次占领首尔。联合国军队撤至该城以南约40公里处，进行了重组，两个月后再次控制了首尔。战争地点改变了，转向三八线以北的一条站线。国家的领导权不断更替。许多人死去，双方都没有胜利。战争造成巨大的人命损失。麦克阿瑟将军想越境进入中国，向满洲投掷炸弹，他还想利用中国国民党军队来对付共产党人。杜鲁门总统担心这些行动会引发另一场世界大战，他不会允许战争再次发生。当麦克阿瑟公开反对杜鲁门的政策时，杜鲁门解雇了他。1951年6月，苏联驻联合国代表提议对朝鲜停火。
和平谈判首先在开城举行，然后在板门店举行。11月，和谈达成大有希望。但谈判代表们在几个问题上无法达成一致，包括释放囚犯。联合国要求允许战俘选择是否要回家。过了一年多，各种问题无法得到解决，最终，1952年10月，和平谈判暂停。谈判期间战争仍在继续，与此同时，杜鲁门总统失去了支持。这也是他决定不竞选连任的原因之一。1953年1月，新总统德怀特·艾森豪威尔宣誓就职。艾森豪威尔一直致力于结束这场战争，为此，他愿意采取严厉措施。多年后，他写道，如果苏联没有重新助力和谈，他就暗中威胁要扩大战争并使用核武器。这些措施没有必要。几个月后，朝鲜接受了早些时候联合国提出的交换生病或受伤囚犯的提议。1953年7月27日，双方签署了和平条约。该条约规定交换约九万名战俘。它还允许囚犯选择是否回家。朝鲜战争几乎摧毁了整个国家。200多万人死亡，其中包括许多平民百姓。战后，美国派出数十万士兵帮助韩国抵御朝鲜。停战已经过去半个世纪了，然而，南北分歧依然存在。许多同样的问题仍然威胁着朝鲜半岛人民和世界的和平。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
