(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
America's presidential election campaign of nineteen fifty-two probably opened on the day President Harry Truman said "no." He said he would not be a candidate for re-election. In later years, Harry Truman would be called one of America's better presidents. Near the end of nineteen fifty-one, however, he had lost the support of many Americans. The continuing war in Korea, and economic problems at home, had robbed him of much of his popularity. His Democratic Party needed a new candidate for president. In the spring of nineteen fifty-two, Mister Truman named the man he wanted the party to nominate. His choice was Adlai Stevenson, governor of Illinois.Mister Stevenson, however, said he was not interested in any job except the one he had. It appeared that he meant what he said. Someone asked what he would do if the Democratic Party chose him as its presidential candidate. Mister Stevenson answered, "I guess I would have to shoot myself." So, President Truman and other party leaders discussed different candidates. Each one, however, seemed to have some political weakness. The Republican Party also was discussing possible candidates. It was much easier for the Republicans to choose. Earlier, General Dwight Eisenhower had said he would campaign.
"Ike" Eisenhower was the hugely popular commander of Allied forces in Europe during World War Two. Many members of both parties wanted him as their candidate. General Eisenhower agreed to campaign as a Republican. His closest competitor for the Republican nomination was Robert Taft, a senator from Ohio. He was the son of a former president, William Howard Taft. Senator Taft sometimes was called "Mister Republican." He had strong party support for his conservative policies. However, he did not receive enough votes at the party's national convention to defeat Eisenhower for the nomination.
In his acceptance speech, Eisenhower told the convention delegates that they had called him to lead a great campaign. He described it as a campaign for freedom in America and for freedom in the world. Eisenhower chose Senator Richard Nixon of California as his vice presidential candidate. By that time, Mister Nixon was known throughout the United States for his strong opposition to communism. Earlier, as a member of the House of Representatives, he had led the investigation of a former State Department official, Alger Hiss. Hiss was accused of helping provide secret information to the Soviet Union. Hiss denied the accusation. He was never officially charged with spying. But he was tried and found guilty of lying to a grand jury and was sentenced to prison.
The Democratic Party held its national convention ten days after the Republicans. Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson welcomed the delegates. The words of his speech made it seem that he did not want to be a candidate for president. This made the delegates want him even more. They voted two times. No one received enough votes to win the nomination. On the third vote, Governor Stevenson did. And he accepted. In his acceptance speech, he urged Democrats to campaign with honor. After the conventions, a political expert wrote about the differences between Adlai Stevenson and Dwight Eisenhower. The expert said Stevenson was a man of thought, and Eisenhower was a man of action.The Republican Party quickly employed an advertising company to help its candidates. Advertising companies mostly designed campaigns to sell products. In the presidential election of nineteen fifty-two, the company designed a campaign to "sell" Mister Eisenhower and Mister Nixon to the American public. Eisenhower did not always agree with the company's advice. One time, he became very angry. He said, "All they talk about is my honesty. Nobody ever says I have a brain in my head!" There was no question that the Democratic candidate, Adlai Stevenson, had a brain. He was known as an intellectual or "egghead".
When he launched his campaign, he dismissed some traditional political advisers and replaced them with eggheads. Communism was the biggest issue in the campaign. Governor Stevenson said America needed to guard against it. Yet he repeatedly criticized the actions of Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin. For years, the senator had been denouncing government officials and others as communists. Eisenhower did not criticize McCarthy, even when the senator accused Eisenhower's good friend, General George Marshall, of being a traitor.The Republican campaign went smoothly until someone discovered that Richard Nixon had received money for extra campaign costs. Some newspapers said Nixon should withdraw.
That led to his famous "Checkers" speech. Nixon made the speech on national television. In it, he defended his decision to keep a special gift from a political supporter. That gift was a dog, named Checkers. He said he kept the dog because his two little girls loved it. The speech was a success. Thousands of voters told the Republican Party that Nixon should remain as the vice presidential candidate. A few weeks before the election, Eisenhower made a powerful speech. He talked about ending the war in Korea. "Now, where will a new administration begin. It will begin with its president taking a firm, simple resolution. That resolution will be to forego the diversions of politics and to concentrate on the job of ending the Korean War, until that job is honorably done. That job requires a personal trip to Korea. Only in that way could I learn how best to serve the American people in the cause of peace. I shall go to Korea. " Adlai Stevenson ended his campaign with a powerful speech, too. In it, he told of his vision of America.
I see an America where no man fears to think as he pleases, or say what he thinks. I see an America where no man is another's master -- where no man's mind is dark with fear. I see an America at peace with the world. I see an America as the horizon of human hopes. The people voted in November. Eisenhower won almost thirty-four million votes. That was more votes than a presidential candidate had ever received. Stevenson won about twenty-seven million votes. Dwight Eisenhower was sworn in as America's thirty-fourth president in January, nineteen fifty-three. He was sixty-two years old. Many problems awaited him.
Republicans had only a small majority in Congress. Many Republican lawmakers were very conservative. They probably would not vote for the new president's programs. The cost of living in America was rising. Senator Joseph McCarthy was still hunting communists. And the war in Korea was not yet over. President Eisenhower did not seem troubled by these problems. After all, he had been called on many times to help his country. Eisenhower came from a large family in Abilene, Kansas. His family did not have much money. He received a free university education when he went to the United States military academy at West Point, New York.
He remained in military service for many years. By the time the United States entered World War Two in nineteen forty-one, he had become a top officer. In nineteen forty-four, he led the allied invasion of Europe. In nineteen-fifty, president Harry Truman named him supreme commander of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. When Dwight Eisenhower ran for president, people shouted, "I like Ike!" Voters liked him because he always seemed calm, even in difficult situations. As the country's president, he would face a number of difficult situations. One of the first was the continuing war in Korea. That will be our story next week.重点解析
1.vice presidential 副总统
The next scheduled debate will be between the two vice presidential candidates, Republican Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska and Democratic Senator Joe Biden of Delaware.
按计划，下次辩论将在两位副总统候选人之间举行。 他们是共和党的佩林州长和民主党的拜登参议员。
2.accused of 被指控犯有……罪
The business directive is for the business to protect itself, so that the business is not accused of impropriety as it executes its business applications.
这个业务指示的目的是保护企业本身，让企业不会由于执行它的业务应用程序而成为被告。
3.sworn 发誓
If elected, he would be 72 when sworn in as president.
如果他当选，他在宣誓就职的时候已经72岁。
4.resolution 决议
We subscribe to the resolution.
我们赞同这项决议。
5.supreme 至高；霸权
The case was up for the final decision in the Supreme Court.
该案由最高法院作最后裁决。
参考译文
杜鲁门总统说“不”的那天拉开了1952年美国总统大选的帷幕。他说他不会成为连任候选人。在以后的岁月里，哈里•杜鲁门将被称为美国最好的总统之一。然而，1951年底，杜鲁门失去了许多美国人的支持。韩国持续不断的战争和美国国内面临的经济问题使他声名大减。他所在的民主党需要一位新的总统候选人。1952年春，杜鲁门说出了他想要民主党提名的总统候选人——伊利诺伊州州长阿德莱•史蒂文森。然而，史蒂文森先生表示，除了他所拥有的工作之外，他对任何工作都不感兴趣。看来他是认真的。有人问如果民主党选择他作为总统候选人，他会怎么做。史蒂文森先生回答说：“我想我得自杀了。”因此，杜鲁门总统和其他政党领导人讨论了不同的候选人。然而，似乎每个人都有一些政治弱点。共和党也在讨论可能的候选人，共和党人的选要容易得多。早些时候，德怀特•艾森豪威尔将军曾表示他将参加竞选。“艾克”艾森豪威尔是二战期间欧洲盟军最受欢迎的指挥官，两党的许多成员都希望他成为候选人，艾森豪威尔将军同意以共和党人的身份参加竞选。与他实力相当的共和党提名竞争者是来自俄亥俄州的参议员罗伯特•塔夫脱。他是前总统威廉•霍华德•塔夫脱的儿子。参议员塔夫脱有时被称为“共和党先生”，他的保守政策在党内得到大力支持。然而，在民主党全国代表大会上，他没有获得足够的选票来击败艾森豪威尔从而获得提名。艾森豪威尔在演讲中向大会代表们表示，他们曾呼吁自己带头组织一场伟大的竞选活动。他将这场竞选活动描述为美国和世界自由的运动。艾森豪威尔选择加州参议员理查德•尼克松担任副总统候选人。那时，尼克松先生因强烈反对共产主义而在美国家喻户晓。早些时候，尼克松作为众议院议员，曾组织调查过前国务院官员阿尔杰•希斯。希斯被指控向苏联提供秘密情报，希斯否认了这一指控。他从事间谍活动的指控未被证实，但受到了审判，并因向大陪审团撒谎而判罪入狱。民主党在共和党十天后召开了全国代表大会。
伊利诺伊州州长史蒂文森对代表们表示欢迎。他的讲话让人觉得他不想当总统候选人。这使得代表们更想他成为总统。投票两次，没有人获得足够的选票赢得提名，在第三次投票中，史蒂文森州长赢得了提名，他接受提名。史蒂文森在获奖感言中敦促民主党人以荣誉竞选。大会之后，一位政治家写到了阿德莱•史蒂文森和德怀特•艾森豪威尔的不同之处。并说史蒂文森有思想，艾森豪威尔有实干。共和党迅速聘请了一家广告公司来帮助其候选人。广告公司主要设计产品的销售活动。1952年的总统选举中，这家公司设计了一项运动，向美国公众“推销”艾森豪威尔先生和尼克松先生。艾森豪威尔并不总是同意该公司的建议，有一次，他非常生气。他说：“他们谈论的都是我的诚实，没人说我有智慧！”毫无疑问，民主党候选人阿德莱史蒂文森是有头脑的。他以知识分子或“书呆子”著称。当他开始竞选时，他解雇了一些传统的政治顾问，代之以知识分子。这场运动面临的最大问题是共产主义。史蒂文森州长说，美国需对此保持警惕。然而，他一再批评威斯康星州参议员约瑟夫•麦卡锡的行为。多年来，这位参议员一直指责政府官员和其他人是共产主义者。即使参议员指责艾森豪威尔的好朋友乔治•马歇尔将军是个叛徒，艾森豪威尔也没有批评麦卡锡。共和党的竞选活动进行得很顺利，直到有人发现理查德•尼克松收到额外的竞选费用。一些报纸声称尼克松应该退出，这导致他著名的“跳棋”演讲。尼克松在国家电视台发表演讲，其中，他为自己保留政治支持者特殊礼物的决定辩护。那是一只狗，名叫“跳棋”，他说他养这只狗是因为他的两个小女儿很喜欢它。演讲取得了圆满成功。成千上万的选民告诉共和党，尼克松应该继续担任副总统候选人。大选前几周，艾森豪威尔做了一次铿锵有力的演讲，他谈到结束朝鲜战争。“现在，新一届政府决议将从哪里开始呢？会从坚定而简单的决议开始。
该决议将放弃政治转移，集中精力结束朝鲜战争，直至战争结束。这项工作需要我亲自前往韩国。只有这样，我才能学会如何最好地为美国人民的和平事业服务，我要去韩国。”阿德莱•史蒂文森也在一场慷慨激昂的演讲中结束了竞选。其中，他讲述了自己对美国的看法。我看到了美国，在那里，没有人害怕随心所欲思考，或说出自己的想法。我看到美国，没有人是另一个人的主人——没有人的头脑充斥着黑暗的恐惧。我看到美国与世界和平相处，我认为美国是人类希望的地平线。11月，投票开始，艾森豪威尔赢得了将近三千四百万张选票。这比总统候选人收到的票数多，史蒂文森赢得了大约二千七百万张选票。1953年1月，德怀特•艾森豪威尔宣誓就职美国第34任总统。他六十二岁，许多问题都在等着他解决。共和党人在国会只占少数，许多共和党议员非常保守。他们可能不会赞成新总统的计划。美国的生活成本在上升。参议员约瑟夫•麦卡锡仍在追捕共产主义者，朝鲜战争还没有结束。艾森豪威尔总统似乎并未被这些问题困扰。毕竟，他多次被要求帮助他的国家。艾森豪威尔来自堪萨斯州阿比林的一个大家庭，家境不是很好，他在纽约西点军校的美国军事学院接受了免费的大学教育。他在军队服役多年。1941年，当美国加入第二次世界大战时，他已经成为一名高级军官。1944年，他领导盟军入侵欧洲。1950年，哈里杜鲁门总统任命他为北约——北大西洋公约组织的最高指挥官。德怀特•艾森豪威尔竞选总统时，人们大喊：“我喜欢艾克!”选民喜欢他，因为即使在困难的情况下，他总是显得很平静。作为总统，他将面临许多困难的局面，首先是朝鲜战争的持续。我们下周为您讲述。
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