VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):南方获胜,但斯通威尔·杰克逊将军牺牲
日期:2019-07-23 14:13

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. In the early weeks of eighteen sixty-three, the American Civil War took a new political direction. President Abraham Lincoln had announced the Emancipation Proclamation. That measure freed the slaves in the rebel states of the South, though Lincoln's words fell on deaf ears. Yet no longer was the Civil War a struggle just to save the Union. It had become a struggle for human freedom. There was a change on the military side of the war, too. President Lincoln named a new commander for the Union's Army of the Potomac. This was the force that would try again to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia. This week in our series, Harry Monroe and Kay Gallant describe events during the spring of eighteen sixty-three.
General Joe Hooker was the new commander of the Army of the Potomac. He replaced General Ambrose Burnside, when Burnside suffered a terrible defeat at Fredericksburg, Virginia, at the end of eighteen sixty-two. Burnside had replaced General George McClellan, when McClellan kept refusing to obey President Lincoln's orders. Hooker had one hundred thirty thousand men. They were well-trained and well-supplied. The Confederate force opposing Hooker's was under the command of General Robert E. Lee. Lee had only about sixty thousand men. They did not have good equipment. And their supplies were low. But their fighting spirit was high. They had defeated the Union army before. They were sure they could do it again. Lee's army still held strong defensive positions along high ground south of Fredericksburg. This was almost halfway between the capitals of the opposing sides: Washington and Richmond. General Hooker did not plan to make the same mistake which General Burnside made at Fredericksburg. Burnside had thrown his army against Lee's defensive positions six times. Each time, the Confederates pushed them back easily. In one day of fighting, more than twelve thousand Union soldiers were killed or wounded.
General Hooker had rebuilt the Army of the Potomac. Now he was ready to carry out his plan against General Lee. Hooker left half his men at Fredericksburg, in front of Lee's army. He would move the other half into position behind Lee's army. If Lee turned to meet him, the troops at Fredericksburg would attack. The Confederate army would be caught between two powerful forces. Lee would have to withdraw, or lose his army. Hooker moved around past the end of Lee's line. Then he turned and started marching back behind it. It was a hard march through thick woods, and across rough hills and valleys. The country was so wild that it was called the wilderness. On the last day of April, eighteen sixty-three, the Union force reached Chancellorsville. Chancellorsville was a crossroads near the edge of the wilderness. The next day, the soldiers would be in open country. There, General Hooker could make the best use of his men. Hooker was extremely pleased. Everything was going as he had planned. He told his officers: "I have Lee in one hand and Richmond in the other."
The next day, Union soldiers began moving out of Chancellorsville and the wilderness. They did not get far. They ran into several thousand Confederate soldiers. Lee had sent them to slow the Union force. The Confederate force was weak. General Hooker's officers believed they could smash through it without difficulty. They did not get a chance to try. Hooker sent new orders: break off the fight. Return to Chancellorsville. Put up defensive positions. Hooker's officers were shocked. They protested. Hooker stood firm. He said, "Lee must fight me on my own ground." Robert E. Lee could not understand why the Union force had returned to Chancellorsville. But he was happy it did. Now he had time to prepare his men for battle. Lee met that night with his top general, Stonewall Jackson. They discussed the best way to attack the Union force. The center of the Union line was strong. The right side was not. Jackson was sure he could get around behind it. Lee asked Jackson how many men he would take. "All of them," Jackson answered. "Twenty-eight thousand."

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This meant Lee would have only fourteen thousand men to face General Hooker. If the Union force attacked before Stonewall Jackson got into position, Lee could not possibly hold it back. Lee was taking a huge chance. He thought about it for a moment. Then he told Jackson to get started. Jackson's men began to leave the next morning. Union soldiers watched as they marched away. General Hooker thought Lee was withdrawing. It took Jackson only half a day to get behind the Union force. He spent a few more hours putting his troops into position. Then he attacked. It was six o'clock in the evening. The right end of the Union force was not prepared for an attack. The soldiers could not believe their eyes when they saw Confederate troops running out of the woods behind them. Many Union soldiers were killed or wounded. Thousands fled. The sun went down. The fighting continued under a bright moon. The Confederate troops kept moving forward. The Union troops kept falling back. One northern soldier wrote later: "Darkness was upon us. Jackson was upon us. And fear was upon us."
Jackson seemed to be everywhere. He rode his horse among his men, urging them forward. He would not let the Union force escape. As Jackson and some of his officers rode into a cleared area of the woods, shots rang out. The bullets came from Confederate guns. The Confederate soldiers thought they were firing on Union officers. Jackson fell from his horse. Two bullets had smashed his left arm. Another bullet had hit his right hand. He was hurried to the back of the line. A doctor quickly cut off his left arm and stopped the heavy bleeding. Jackson seemed to get better. Then he developed pneumonia. He was unconscious most of the time. He seemed to dream of battle, and shouted commands to his officers. Then he grew quiet. He opened his eyes and said, "Let us pass over the river and rest in the shade of the trees." The great Confederate General, Stonewall Jackson, was dead. While Jackson lay dying, the battle of Chancellorsville continued. Robert E. Lee's Confederate army was much smaller than Joe Hooker's Union army. But for five days, Lee kept part of his army moving between Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg. Wherever the Union army attacked, Lee quickly added more men to his lines. The Union army could not break through.
The fighting was taking place on the south side of the Rappahannock River. The Union army's supply lines were on the north side. Spring rains were beginning to make the Rappahannock rise. General Hooker did not want to get trapped without food and ammunition. So he ordered his men back across the river. The South had won the battle of Chancellorsville. Robert E. Lee was sure of that. Once again, he had forced back the Army of the Potomac. But the Union army was not hurt seriously. New soldiers would soon take the place of those lost in battle. Lee, however, would find it more difficult to replace his soldiers. The South was running out of manpower. Every Confederate army needed men -- more and more men. Yet fewer and fewer southern boys were willing to become soldiers. Anti-war movements were, in fact, active in both the North and South. There were a number of protests against the military draft. Some turned violent. In the North, a political party was created to oppose the Civil War. Leaders of this peace party were called Copperheads. They got the name because they wore a copper penny showing the head of an Indian. That will be our story in our next program on the Civil War.

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重点解析

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1.no longer 已不;再也

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After about three months, I was no longer addicted to nicotine.

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大约3个月后,我就不再对尼古丁上瘾了j~TX-KE*)Zk]H

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2.carry out 执行;实现

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I myself will firmly carry out this plan.

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我本人将坚决执行这个计划zD796o4GDGQ1

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3.go down 下沉;下降

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Crime has gone down 70 percent.

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犯罪率下降了70%0FG5#HW*N~

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4.get trapped 被困;陷于

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When people get trapped, I can't say what they will do.

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当人们陷入绝境,我不敢说他们会做什么_*1gkU_C9^y_XIn_P

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参考译文

欢迎收听VOA慢速英语之建国史话节目FJ,xl^L8Ed-BFV5SSg。在1863年年初的几周里,美国内战采取了新的政治方向%]=M@PYtXd0nUe。总统亚伯拉罕·林肯宣布《解放黑人奴隶宣言》)#2yFv&oRx.iiU|Rbj]。尽管林肯的话被置若罔闻,但这一措施解放了南方反叛各州的奴隶3iDIu(*%VVqmtO,)xe。然而,内战不再是一场为拯救联邦的斗争,它已经成为为争取人类自由而战的战斗&9u!|NK04oS._C。战争在军事方面也发生了变化,总统林肯任命了一位波多马克联邦军队的新指挥官]#L~gU1P#vB,。这支军队试图再次占领弗吉尼亚州里士满联盟国的首都Y#fa.%42No。在本周的系列节目中,哈利·门罗和凯·格兰特将讲述1863年春天发生的事件LvaP)K(g;Fh.
乔·胡克将军是波托马克军队的新指挥官,他接替了安布罗斯·伯恩赛德将军DnKLFP@@Q8BkLW)K+q。1862年底,伯恩赛德在弗吉尼亚州弗雷德里克斯堡遭遇惨败+enw+&6#+i]-M=D[*AXY。伯恩赛德已经取代了乔治·麦克莱伦将军,当时麦克莱伦一直拒绝服从总统林肯的命令jMp6[ab[TMj(G。胡克有十三万人,他们都训练有素,装备充足6e)*.b1SWN]Bi)G1nQg。反对胡克的联盟国军队由罗伯特·E·李将军指挥,李将军只有大约六万士兵r3Y#(bV+&n,iDp)。他们没有精良的设备,供给也很少,但他们斗志高昂.gC;mka.GbMcScj,w@G。他们以前打败过联邦军,肯定能够再次获胜(b%3^jWqnT5Yr!XQoRH。在弗雷德里克斯堡以南的高地上,李将军的军队仍然保持着强大的防御阵地,这几乎在对立双方首都华盛顿和里士满之间,l6i+574R90]Xr]KJ_。胡克将军并不打算犯和伯恩赛德将军在弗雷德里克斯堡犯的同样的错误,伯恩赛德曾六次向李将军的防御阵地发起进攻z[lU+%ZC=oN;v。每次,联盟国都很轻易地把他们击退2*X(fFPI-,。在一天的战斗中,有12000多名联邦士兵伤亡*&(5TS7iEY4#Db)HHHu
胡克将军重建了波托马克军团,现在他已准备好执行反对李将军的计划PrxG52pK@t54v。胡克在弗雷德里克斯堡留下一半士兵,部署在李将军的军队前面P|82Q!6wAUX0TD。他会把另一半移到李将军的军队后面KT|RpW]]Us。如果李将军转头去见他,弗雷德里克斯堡的军队就会进攻uQ&nmGdN,OmNvhk!。联盟国军队会被两支强大的军队夹在中间.blSz[ODeoK。李必须撤退,否则就会失去自己的军队.BCNftZigDm*n~M。胡克绕过李将军的防线,然后他调转方向,开始向后行进%&eZn5Z2K1GZshR(wIP2。这是一次艰难的行军,要穿过茂密的树林、崎岖的山丘和山谷e2~jMaz3y6fCM_SO。这里人烟稀少,所以人们把它叫做荒野之地iE26!su2PQ,HNCDt7。1863年四月的最后一天,联邦军到达查尔斯韦拉.Ki@=8X9a.]。查尔斯韦拉是靠近荒野边缘的一个十字路口@2wlHdxB|&AsIv。第二天,士兵们将来到开阔的荒野8&JqDHEJgtcWOuE;U~。在那里,胡克将军可以充分发挥他部队的军力snDvrI,pxmC8t。胡克非常高兴,一切按他的计划进行Q[ILKE,pUGHw。他告诉军官们:“我一手掌控着李将军,另一手掌控着里士满M(NQIMo[[xrCNlB。”
第二天,联邦士兵开始从查尔斯韦拉的荒野地带撤离TOV94|6CWq,KOa[n*gD。他们没走远,就遭遇了数千名联盟国士兵,李将军派他们去拖缓联邦部队的速度b3%C^u*NzaYAeOtJk。联盟国部队的军力很弱,胡克将军的军官们相信他们可以不费吹灰之力就把它击垮ukskuXx*px%I。但他们没有机会尝试u6,bJw(xW2KZNUtEFijU。胡克发出了新的命令:停止战斗Ou-9yyU58s#h(etd。返回查尔斯韦拉,部署防御阵地zNpcG[wqZOOmI;^Zhw~。胡克的军官们震惊了,他们提出抗议2^8p;p;IXr|zJm39r。胡克坚定地站在那儿说:“李将军必须在我的地盘上和我作战FiNJVe+,-4c~-。”罗伯特·E·李将军不明白为什么联邦部队要返回查尔斯韦拉,但他很高兴他们这样做fl4bS]IUfVkANLTW@5。现在他有时间准备部署军队作战LQwWmPkM%Ip.U。李将军当晚会见了他的最高将领,斯通威尔·杰克逊,他们讨论了攻击联邦部队的最佳方法v0kPn,xE]2i&|it3#@M。联邦战线的中部力量非常坚固,右翼却不行G%Ap86uNPEdGpaw。杰克逊确信他能从后面包抄,李将军问杰克逊需要带多少人EDq.9[9z0#_R7QDRLk8.。“所有人,”杰克逊回答s9BJar^;MpH^xNzr。“两万八千人DE3R@PhfING。”
这意味着李将军只有一万四千人面对胡克将军,如果联邦军在斯通威尔·杰克逊就位之前发起攻击,李将军将无法阻拦adU3yci~(.4S!s*。李将军正冒着巨大的风险,他考虑了一会儿,然后叫杰克逊开始行动|,t~@..j;rnx7。杰克逊的部队第二天早上开始离开,联邦士兵看着他们撤离,胡克将军认为李将军正在撤退H93T;w~P5v.Q3bPdz。杰克逊只花了半天时间就绕到联邦部队的后面,他又花了几个小时把部队部署到位,随后发起进攻,那时是晚上六点MgVpB*Ja+Me|x0c)@#。联邦部队的右翼没有准备好发动进攻,当士兵们看到联盟国军队从身后的树林里跑出来时,他们简直不敢相信自己的眼睛tLYYeBYeFWVVXn6X4,*。许多联邦士兵负伤或阵亡,数千人逃跑7SLH9]7aT-fWHuk。太阳下山了,战斗在明月下继续展开AJVH(_J89q;G。联盟国军队继续前进,联邦部队不断后退)W6.Y]@%=QINE;xaT%&。一个北方士兵后来写道:“黑暗笼罩着我们,杰克逊在攻击我们,恐惧向我们袭来7q+10jo6GS,wS5I+k。”
杰克逊似乎无处不在,他骑着战马在士兵间穿梭,催促他们前进,他不会让联邦军士兵逃跑当杰克逊和他的几位军官骑马进入森林中的空地时,枪声响起cU,ZX(8MZ5415Iw*。这是联盟国部队的枪开的火,联盟国士兵以为他们在向联邦部队的军官开火vnfp_iu@^=xQ6@3O1Cop。杰克逊从马上摔下来,两颗子弹打中他的左臂,另一颗击中右手&|r)6pW!u(,5vWv7rTx。他被匆匆送往军队后方,医生迅速为他做左臂截肢,并止住大出血pfq^D6;T[5。杰克逊似乎有所好转,后来他得了肺炎,大部分时间都没有意识4tvD!u9_tyyh。他似乎在睡梦中作战,向军官们高呼命令,随后又安静下来z67flM5HxZ&U4-~m~W。他睁开眼睛说:“我们过河,在树荫下休息一下吧f(LrQOS4uC=M.Buh。”伟大的联盟国部队将军斯通威尔·杰克逊就这样牺牲了|G!J]pUtQl。杰克逊去世前,查尔斯韦拉战役仍在继续3Q)-04P#;DgZ9。罗伯特·E·李将军的联盟国军队比乔·胡克的联邦军队规模小得多m^XHU[E[ms=E4UT38#&9。但五天来,李将军一直让他的部分士兵在查尔斯韦拉和弗雷德里克斯堡之间游走,&c7K;T^1=。无论联邦军在哪里发起进攻,李将军都很快往战线增加兵力,联邦军根本无法突破SAUY;FT58tg+,+QC[7k@
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战斗发生在拉帕汉诺克河南岸,联邦军的补给线在河的北岸~D|*9B=G2E1ZYmi6。春雨开始让拉帕汉诺克河河水上涨,胡克将军不想在没有食物和弹药的情况下被困,所以他命令士兵返回河对岸%2LeD-9!v~D&Ap(Nw@。南方人赢得了查尔斯韦拉战役的胜利,罗伯特·E·李将军对此深信不疑S-8hnA8N~EcZ。他又一次迫使波托马克军团撤退,但联邦军并未遭受严重打击o*#=Orm(hicIpt6。新士兵很快顶替上那些在战斗中阵亡的将士3A7oH]YOW*。然而,李将军发现更换他的士兵变得越发困难w5VV9TadL6=lbOYJA。联盟国军队兵力短缺,每一支联盟国军队都需要士兵——更多的士兵Rq82qx%6h#7qw。然而,越来越少的南方男孩愿意去当兵ln9D.R1J#,PY#eT@KV+。事实上,反战运动在南北方都很活跃~bp&@,+31EwB@fNL.。出现了一些反对这项军事草案的抗议活动,其中一些转变为暴力事件cf7amprV;pW。在北方,建立了一个反对内战的政党,人们称这个和平政党的领导人为铜斑蛇-6Js*pPy_.4I。他们之所以得此名,是因为他们戴着一枚铜币,铜币上露出印第安人的头像8cyFwf3~~U。这将是我们下一期要讲述的内战故事@BI072DyErdX]eC0a092

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译文为可可英语翻译,未经授权请勿转载!

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重点单词
  • violentadj. 暴力的,猛烈的,极端的
  • militaryadj. 军事的 n. 军队
  • opposevt. 反对,反抗,使对立,使对抗
  • measuren. 措施,办法,量度,尺寸 v. 测量,量
  • shaden. 阴影,遮蔽,遮光物,(色彩的)浓淡 vt. 遮蔽,
  • supplyn. 补给,供给,供应,贮备 vt. 补给,供给,提供,
  • escapev. 逃跑,逃脱,避开 n. 逃跑,逃脱,(逃避)方法、
  • commandern. 司令官,指挥官
  • replacevt. 取代,更换,将物品放回原处
  • willingadj. 愿意的,心甘情愿的