VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):杜鲁门总统连任竞选成功
日期:2018-08-08 16:44

(单词翻译:单击)

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听力文本

THE MAKING OF A NATION -- a program in Special English by the Voice of America.
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Presidential elections are exciting events in American politics. Few elections for the White House have been as exciting as the one in nineteen forty-eight. And few have had such surprising results. Four candidates were nominated for president in the nineteen forty-eight election. One was the man already in the White House, the candidate of the Democratic Party, President Harry Truman. Truman had been the party's successful vice presidential candidate in nineteen forty-four. When President Franklin Roosevelt died a year later, Truman became president. Truman did not do well during his first few months in office. He made several serious mistakes. He had trouble with the economy and organized labor. His party lost control of the Senate and the House of Representatives in the congressional elections of nineteen forty-six. Most Americans had little faith in Truman's ability as a leader. They expected that he would lose the presidential election in nineteen forty-eight if he chose to be a candidate.

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President Truman chose to run for another term in the White House. And he planned to win. In the months following the democratic defeat in the congressional election, he took several strong steps to show his leadership. Truman called on the Congress to pass a number of laws to help black people. He took firm actions in his foreign policy toward the Soviet Union. And he began to speak out with much more strength to the American people. Truman succeeded in winning the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party. "I will win this election," Truman told the Democratic convention that nominated him. "And I will make the Republicans like it!" The Republicans nominated New York state Governor Thomas Dewey. Dewey was a wise and courageous man. He also was very serious. Truman campaigned by telling the voters that Dewey did not understand the needs of the average American. He called Dewey a candidate of rich people. One day, Dewey got angry at a railroad engineer because his campaign train was late for a speech. Truman charged that this proved that Dewey did not understand the problems of railroad engineers and other working Americans. He tried to make the election a choice between hard-working Democrats and rich Republicans.

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Two other men also were candidates for the presidency. Both were from newly created parties. One was Strom Thurmond of the state of South Carolina. He was the candidate of the States Rights Democratic Party, also known as the Dixiecrat Party. Most of his supporters were white Americans from the southeastern part of the country. They opposed giving full rights to black people. The other candidate was Henry Wallace of the Progressive Party. His supporters believed that Truman had turned away from the progressive ideas of Franklin Roosevelt. Both Thurmond and Wallace had broken away from the Democratic Party. Most political experts believed those two candidates would take votes away from President Truman. They believed Republican candidate Dewey surely would win the election. This seemed especially true because President Truman did not have strong public support.

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Harry Truman, however, was a fighter. He did not believe the election was lost. He took his campaign to the American people. "I had always campaigned," said Mister Truman, "by going around talking to people and meeting them. Running for president was no different. "I just got on a train," Truman said, "and started across the country to tell people what was going on. I wanted to talk to them face to face. When you are standing there in front of them and talking to them, the people can tell whether you are telling them the facts or not." Truman campaigned with great energy. He made hundreds of speeches as his train moved across the country. He spoke to farmers in Iowa. He visited a children's home in Texas. And he discussed issues with small groups of people who came to visit his train when it stopped in rural areas of Montana and Idaho. Dewey and the Republicans laughed at Truman's campaign. They said it showed that Truman needed votes so badly that he had to spend his time looking for them in small villages. Truman said the criticism proved that Republicans did not care for the average American.

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杜鲁门总统竞选连任

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Dewey also campaigned across the country by train. But he showed little of the fire and emotion in his speeches that made Truman's campaign so exciting. A reporter wrote: "Governor Dewey is acting like a man who has already been elected and is only passing time, waiting to take office. " Dewey had good reasons to feel so sure of being elected. Almost every political expert in the country said Truman had no chance to win. The Wall Street Journal newspaper, for example, printed a story about what Dewey would do in the White House after the election. And the New York Times said that Dewey would win the election by a large vote. Truman refused to accept these views. Instead, he spoke with more and more emotion against Dewey. Most Americans still believed that Truman would lose. But they liked his courage in fighting until the end. At the end of one speech, a citizen shouted, "Give them hell, Harry! We will win!" And soon, Truman supporters across the country were shouting, "Give 'em hell, Harry!"Truman campaigned until Election Day. He made a special appeal to working people, Jews, blacks, Catholics, and other traditional supporters of the Democratic Party.

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In his final radio speech, he promised to work for peace and a government that would help all people. Then he went to his home in the state of Missouri to wait with the rest of the country for the election results. Republicans across the country greeted Election Day happily. They were sure that this was the day that the people would choose to send a Republican back to the White House after sixteen years. Some of the early voting results from the northeastern states showed Truman winning. But few Republicans worried. They were sure Dewey would be the winner when all the votes were counted. The editor of the Chicago Tribune newspaper also was sure Dewey would be the next president. He published a newspaper with a giant story that said "Dewey Defeats Truman." The Chicago Tribune was wrong. Everyone was wrong. Everyone, that is, except Harry Truman and the Americans who gave him their votes. Truman went to bed on election night before all the votes were counted. He told his assistant that he would win.

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Truman woke early the next morning to learn that he was right. Not only did he defeat Dewey, but he won by a good number of votes. And he helped many Democratic congressional candidates win as well. The Democrats captured both houses of Congress. Harry Truman would go on to serve four more years in the White House. He would make many difficult decisions as America moved into the second half of the twentieth century. Many of the decisions were necessary because of America's new responsibilities as leader of the Western world. Mister Truman would send American troops to South Korea to help the United Nations defend South Korea against aggression from North Korea. He would join other Western leaders in establishing a new alliance, NATO, to provide for the joint defense of Europe and North America. Mister Truman and later presidents would make decisions to send economic and military aid, in huge amounts, to countries all around the world. These worldwide responsibilities produced many changes in the United States, especially in the policies and actions of the United States government. But the system of the government did not change. It remained the same as that created by the Constitution in seventeen eighty-seven. Only a few details were changed to better protect and represent the people of the United States.

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You have been listening to THE MAKING OF A NATION, a program in Special English by the Voice of America. Your narrators have been Harry Monroe and Rich Kleinfeldt. Our program was written by David Jarmul. The Voice of America invites you to listen again next week to THE MAKING OF A NATION.

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重点解析

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1.criticism批评;考证
He toned down his criticism.
他降低了批评的调子mFA9n;yJok
2.senate 参议院,上院
Brutus declaimed from the steps of the Roman senate building.
(罗马贵族派政治家)布鲁图在古罗马元老院大楼的台阶上发表慷慨激昂的演说Vj]Oj+bx|l)_H8@
3.presidential election 总统选举
This week, he signed a proclamation authorising a presidential election in January.
本周,他签署了一个声明授权于一月份的总统选举0j#aq.fC2VREDBHzI&Oi
4.Progressive Party 美国进步党
I don't, as I said, think we have a progressive party.
如我所说我从不认为我们有一个积极进取的党派DR=DI)k|*4
5.NATO 北大西洋公约组织
But can we trust Nato or the US military?
但是我们能够信任北约或美国军队吗?
6.Wall Street 华尔街
Out of over a dozen demands there is only one I agree with —open borders —and, ironically, many on Wall Street probably favor that as well.
在提到的是几个要求里面,只有一个我是支持的——开放边境——讽刺的是,许多在华尔街工作的人也支持这一点lQ_8I=SQ4jL(EP9GR

参考译文

《建国史话》——VOA慢速英语节目VtJjTG1ysp@
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总统选举是美国政治上激动人心的事件(]jgU~G2JnyyEF&k]k。像1948年白宫选举那样令人振奋的事件,历史上还是寡闻少见的,选举结果令大多数人始料未及&pZZBV1h3b*17Ce(X[b。1948年的选举中,有四名候选人被提名为总统&d~p2r=gIEa._~U。一个是已经入住白宫的民主党的候选人,哈里•杜鲁门总统e^lX%ic,1@。1944年,杜鲁门成功成为该党的副总统候选人%sx!1(AC~9bjSFaVQOI.。富兰克林•罗斯福总统去世一年后时,杜鲁门上任j*h5BZ3Fww[Y。执政的头几个月里杜鲁门表现不佳,犯了几个严重的错误o~0n2&~.b,X-VFx。他在经济和劳工方面遇到了麻烦n.Khg#Q|1*~-Gzc。1946年,他的政党在的国会选举中失去了对参议院和众议院的控制权!Vj00qesWnmv!b~s!L。大多数美国人对杜鲁门总统的领导能力缺乏信心G,.!KBEs63kDcgXe。他们预计,即使杜鲁门成为候选人,1948年的总统选举他也会失败Ux#4v%NgIi8。杜鲁门总统竞选连任,他打算赢得竞选;dBp+#X&Wum4B。在民主党国会选举失利后的几个月里,他采取了几项强有力的措施来展示自己的领导能力6-0Gf)oPom(WyG[xUY|S。杜鲁门呼吁国会通过一系列法律来帮助黑人IzkOLIz|)2jcOfn。他对苏联的外交政策采取了坚定的行动,对美国民众的讲话更加掷地有声UeGnF;Y*kowYo2KJ-My。杜鲁门成功赢得了民主党的总统提名-)cgtI@[,m~rWhT。“我将赢得此次选举,”杜鲁门在民主党提名大会上说道FW9w7.[s=J)+。“我会让共和党人认可我的!”共和党人提名纽约州州长托马斯•杜威8xrm!Ij7Irpbsh;&|WMn。杜威睿智勇敢,也很严肃M1D@PH]c9h3p。杜鲁门竞选时告诉选民,杜威不了解美国普通民众的需求;lEcUxfRxBLzQ。他称杜威为富人的候选人NmQd-G.VewfSGrG9ov

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一天,杜威对一个铁路工程师很生气,因为列车导致他的竞选演讲迟到(x3MCnH3Jk~。杜鲁门指责称这证明杜威不了解铁路工程师和其他美国工人的问题[23OYfV0!o2c3Jcn。他试图让此次选举成为勤勉的民主党人和富有的共和党人之间的选择WXPo8#vhp@。另外两名男子也是总统候选人,他们都来自新成立的政党v*4LGWVP)RGEH|qb6oUw。一个是南卡罗来纳州的斯特罗姆•瑟蒙德,他是美国南部州权民主党的候选人,也被称为南方民主党+M]9iM-qxn(c;UMT。他的大多数支持者是来自美国东南部的美国白人1WX0[VKOe#0=N02]iD5。他们反对给予黑人全部权利5Cot+rsyNacnY^YGg。另一位候选人是进步党的亨利•华莱士jwER&*7aOp-ZkExSx。他的支持者认为,杜鲁门背离了富兰克林•罗斯福的进步思想M)Z9k7JBU!O=B#X6。瑟蒙德和华莱士都脱离了民主党c0H&HrD322%u。大多数政界人士认为这两位候选人会夺走杜鲁门总统的选票Ujm(w0OYiHVsvSa^。他们相信共和党候选人杜威肯定会赢得选举4mRcQ0^|s*E3;gV.2+PQ。这看似正确,因为杜鲁门总统没有强有力的公众支持h^soOeo7k-SyVyz1X。然而,哈里•杜鲁门是名斗士,他不相信自己会失败,他在美国民众中宣传自己的竞选活动.J@leBU]+uKt8n8x&ht。杜鲁门先生说:“我一直都在竞选,到处和人们交谈,和他们见面-ZtWs=GNWN;6@vjtU+c。竞选总统也不例外“我上了铁路列车,”杜鲁门说,“并开始在全国各地告诉人们发生了什么,我想和他们面对面交谈,当你站在他们面前和他们交谈时,他们可以辨别你说的是否属实(slfQw&3xu&@aw。”

杜鲁门竞选时干劲十足cn1@m2LT4A~SV4cA。列车在全国各地行驶时,他做了数百次演讲1U5bCYJMJJ。他在爱荷华州与农民交谈,访问了德克萨斯州的一个儿童之家x1]EQJRLyT。他在蒙大拿州和爱达荷州的乡村地区停下来时,与前来参观铁路列车的民众讨论问题j|*nG0,0|%o~。杜威和共和党人嘲笑杜鲁门的竞选,他们说,这表明杜鲁门非常需要选票,他不得不花时间在小村庄寻找选票b4h[yJd).;。杜鲁门说,这些苛词证明共和党人并不关心美国普通民众l,.N4_o|KrRfr。杜威也乘铁路列车在全国各地竞选L+NiCOA29^.kD。但他的演讲缺乏激情和感情,而杜鲁门的竞选活动慷慨激昂AWW~LvihpIZy7。一位记者写道: “州长杜威的表现就像是已经当选,只是在等待上任rwO2c&^g5-s。”杜威有充分的理由确信自己会当选T~NicR!SgRQBTFL。全国几乎所有的政界人士都说杜鲁门没有机会获胜gs!N8B|Tpm。例如,《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)刊登了一篇报道,内容关于杜威当选后将在白宫做什么6s6;o5s-[fR|*TDg。《纽约时报》称杜威将以较大票数赢得大选Ge5-8TaL|N=#。杜鲁门拒绝接受这些观点&AHz3J_&9~d1r8eU[G9Y。相反,他在情绪上越来越反对杜威1#cBffWUgXgjwXd。大多数美国人仍然认为杜鲁门会落选,但是他们喜欢杜鲁门战斗到最后的勇气t%)Suz@wrB3Vy=8。演讲结尾,一个市民喊道:“让他们下地狱吧,哈利!”我们会赢!”不久,全国各地杜鲁门的支持者们高喊:“让他们见鬼去吧,哈利!”
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杜鲁门一直竞选到选举当天U2w-F.-kxXLv2gfX。他对劳动人民、犹太人、黑人、天主教徒和其他民主党传统支持者的呼吁尤其强烈uq&OBDf(x#)j;8;y_。他在最后一次广播演讲中,承诺要为和平而努力,建立一个能够帮助所有人的政府Df|,Cj,!qy[。然后他去密苏里州的家中等待全国其它地方的选举结果~*(NM&v*Y)SuJ^&6.IX&。全国各地的共和党人高兴地迎接选举日(A,gzJ^kj0OghBA4-。他们确信,16年后的这一天,人们会选择将一名共和党人送回白宫xWOZx2ML0OyLBbTj(-。东北部一些州的初步投票结果显示杜鲁门获胜,但是大多数共和党人并不担心A2IPTgsdl^BqWBzt8&。他们确信当所有选票清点完毕时杜威会是赢家CS0BDF9@pHp^-H+Vo。《芝加哥论坛报》的编辑也确信杜威将成为下一任总统Ca0k2n|C0)w5)g+|Y。他出版了一份报纸,上面写着“杜威打败了杜鲁门”aCeO2[%T&OxyC!;cGq。《芝加哥论坛报》错了9r)iV7)3m=XwF*ou。每个人都错了,每个人,指的是除了哈里•杜鲁门和给他投票的美国人GqP;pwOF_*3T)osRCa。在所有选票清点完毕前的选举之夜,杜鲁门上床睡觉了,他告诉他的助手他会赢e~W7^5Rqjb!SP9。第二天一早杜鲁门醒来发现自己是对的,他不仅击败了杜威,而且赢得了许多选票#%jE|;[q!OS)。他还帮助许多民主党国会候选人获胜,民主党人占领了国会两院&]*hm&Q7_p%IhG。哈里•杜鲁门将继续在白宫任职四年qOMAc1Fyb-k;7HBT

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20世纪下半叶,杜鲁门将做出许多艰难的决定XW3YNXNv~oU%。许多决定是不无必要的,因为美国作为西方世界的领导者肩负着新的责任If[wqcn;7McWr。杜鲁门先生将派遣美军到韩国,帮助韩国抵御朝鲜的侵略QR%izGG92x_FN~bfV9^f。他将和其他西方领导人一起建立新的联盟——北约,为欧洲和北美提供联合防御Yd,N#-rkZ3,。杜鲁门和后来的总统将决定向世界各国提供大量的经济和军事援助*s=,LB[&P(9RzDNK@;_。这些全球责任在美国,尤其是在美国政府的政策和行动中产生了很多变化 MJ;kj5_.SZ=8。但是政府的制度并没有改变,仍和1787年宪法所规定的相同VebAgNY&99WCFRIjP。只改变了一些细节,从而更好地保护和代表美国人民G7wHeUDyfhAnkqHdx

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您正在收听的是VOA慢速英语节目《建国史话》|_6kf7lW-zG;EOSAeG。讲述人哈里•门罗(Harry Monroe)和里奇•克莱因费尔特(Rich Kleinfeldt),制作人David Jarmuljo-|sM^dPI5。VOA邀您下周接着收听《建国史话》DB&=!UJ4e,Cgem[P

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