Using the examples from the lecture, discuss two types of narrators that an author of fiction might use.
请用课上所举例子讨论小说作者可能会使用的两种叙述者。
Listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.
请听文学课上的部分内容。

Authors of fiction, um, short stories and novels, of course have many decisions to make when they're writing their works.
短篇故事和小说的作者在写作品的时候，毫无疑问要做很多决定。
One of those decisions is how they are going to narrate or tell the story.
其中一个决定就是他们要如何叙述或者讲述这个故事。
What perspective or what point of view the story would be told from?
这个故事要从哪个角度或者哪个视角展开？
So, authors need to choose a type of narrator, some person or voice to tell the story.
所以，作者需要选择一种叙述者，某个讲故事的人或者声音。
And this narrator can affect the readers' experience when they read the story.
叙述者在读者阅读这篇故事的时候会影响他们的阅读体验。
Now, the author might choose to have an objective narrator.
作者可能会选择一个第三人称的叙述者。
An objective narrator can describe what people, the characters in the story, what they do and what they say, but that's about all.
第三人称的叙述者可以描述故事中的人物所做的事和说的话，但是这就是全部了。
So, suppose we have a story, for example, that is about a man and woman about to take a trip.
假设我们有一个故事是关于一个男人和女人要去旅行的。
When the story is told by an objective narrator,
如果这个故事是由第三人称叙述者讲述的，
the only information that we get as readers is what the characters say to each other, what they do.
那么我们作为读者能够得到的唯一信息就是：故事中的人物互相说了什么，做了什么。
They get on the train, they sit down, they look out the window, that's all.
他们上了火车，坐了下来，看向了窗外，就是这样。
And this leaves questions that force the reader to interpret the events,
这就留下了疑问使得读者不得不自己解读这些活动，
to fill in information and decide what the characters' conversation and actions might mean.
添加信息并决定故事人物的对话和动作意味着什么。
Another kind of narrator an author might use is an omniscient narrator.
作者可能会使用的另一种叙述者就是万能叙述者。
In this case, the narrator, the voice that is telling the story, knows everything, and I mean everything about the characters.
在这种情况下，这个叙述者，这个讲故事的声音知道所有的事情，我指的是关于故事人物的每件事。
So, let's imagine our same man and woman traveling but described by an omniscient narrator.
我们再回到同样的男人和女人去旅行的故事，只不过这次是由一个万能叙述者来描述的。
Not only do we, the readers, know what they do and say, but we also know what they're thinking.
我们，读者不仅知道他们做了什么、说了什么，还知道他们在想些什么。
For example, we're told that the couple is going to visit an old friend of the man's
比如，故事告诉我们这对夫妇要去拜访这个男人的一个老朋友，
and we learn what the man is thinking that he is nervous because he hasn't seen his friend in a long time,
我们从故事中知道了这个男人的想法：他很紧张，因为他已经很长时间没有见到过这个朋友了；
that he is worried if his wife would like the friend.
他还担心自己的妻子会不会不喜欢他的朋友。
So an omniscient narrator provides more information and answers questions that the reader might have about the characters or the action.
所以，一个万能叙述者提供了更多的信息，并回答了读者对于故事人物或者动作存在的疑问。