Chapter 36
第36章
Secession,1860-1861
南部各州脱离联邦（1860~1861年）
369. The Republican Nomination, 1860.

369．共和党的提名（1860年）

Four names were especially mentioned in connection with the Republican nomination for President. These were Seward, Chase, Cameron, and Lincoln. Seward was the best known of them all. In the debates on the Compromise of 1850 he had declared that there was "a higher law" than the Constitution, namely, "the law of nature in men's hearts." In another speech he had termed the slavery contest "the irrepressible conflict." These phrases endeared him to the anti-slavery men. But they made it impossible for many moderate Republicans to follow him. Senator Chase of Ohio had also been very outspoken in his condemnation of slavery. Senator Cameron of Pennsylvania was an able political leader. But all of these men were "too conspicuous to make a good candidate." They had made many enemies. Lincoln had spoken freely. But he had never been prominent in national politics. He was more likely to attract the votes of moderate men than either of the other candidates. After a fierce contesthe was nominated. The Republican platform stated that there was no intention to interfere with slavery in the states where it existed; but it declared the party's opposition to the extension of slavery. The platform favored internal improvements at the national expense. It also approved the protective system.
在共和党提名总统时有四个人的名字特别被提及，他们是塞沃德、齐斯、卡梅伦和林肯。他们当中塞沃德最为出名，在关于1850年《折中法案》的辩论中他曾经宣称存在比《宪法》更高的法律，即"人们心中的自然法"，在另一次演讲中他曾经把关于奴隶制的争端叫做"抑制不住的冲突"。这些话语使得他为反奴隶制的人们所爱戴，但是，这些言辞使得许多温和的共和党人不可能追随他。参议员齐斯是俄亥俄人，他也丝毫不掩饰自己对奴隶制的谴责。参议员卡梅伦是宾夕法尼亚州人，他是一名非常能干的政治领袖。但是，这些都"太显眼以至于不可能作为好的候选者"，他们有许多敌人，林肯直率地道出这一点，但林肯在国家政治中从来没有什么杰出之处，比起其他候选者林肯更能打动那些温和的选民。经过一场激烈的竞争林肯获得提名。共和党的纲领中表明，共和党无意于干涉各州已经存在的奴隶制，但这个党派反对奴隶制的扩张。这个纲领支持通过国家开支来发展国内事务，它还赞同保护贸易制度。