Chapter 22
第22章
The United States In 1800
1800年的美国
228. Area and Population, 1800.
228．面积与人口（1800年）
The area of the United States in 1800 was the same as at the close of the Revolutionary War. But the population had begun to increase rapidly. In 1791 there were nearly four million people in the United States. By 1800 this number had risen to five and one-quarter millions. Two-thirds of the people still lived on or near tide-water. But already nearly four hundred thousand people lived west of the Alleghanies. In 1791 the centre of population had been east of Baltimore. It was now eighteen miles west of that city.
1800年美国的面积与革命战争结束时一样大，但是，人口却在快速增长。1791年美国有接近四百万人，但到了1800年这个数字已经上升到五百二十五万，三分之二的人生活在潮水影响区域附近。但是，已经有近四十万人生活在奥利哈尼的西部，1791年美国人口集中于巴尔的摩的东部，这里距离巴尔的摩有十八英里。
229. Cities and Towns in 1800.
229．城市与城镇（1800年）
Philadelphia was the largest city in the United States. It had a population of seventy thousand. But New York was not far behind Philadelphia in population. Except these two, no city in the whole United States had more than thirty thousand inhabitants. The seat of government had been removed from Philadelphia to Washington. But the new capital was a city only in name. One broad long street, Pennsylvania Avenue, led from the unfinished Capitol to the unfinished White House. Congress held its sessions in a temporary wooden building. The White House could be lived in. But Mrs. Adams found the unfinished reception room very convenient for drying clothes on rainy Mondays. A few cheaply built and very uncomfortable boarding-houses completed the city.
费城是美国最大的城市，它有七万人，但纽约的人口与费城人口相差不大，除了这两个城市，在整个美国没有哪个城市超出三万人。国民政府的驻地已经从费城搬迁到华盛顿，但是，新的首都仅仅是一个名义上的城市。宾夕法尼亚大道这条宽长的大路从没有完工的国会大厦通向没有完工的白宫，国会在一个临时的木制大楼里召开会议，白宫可以住，但是，亚当斯夫人发现这个没有完工的客厅在周一下雨时晾起衣服来非常便利。一些造价低廉但令人非常不舒服的旅馆使得华盛顿有个城市的样子。