208. The Republicans.
208．共和党人
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Albert Gallatin, and their friends entirely disagreed with the Federalists on all of these points. They called themselves Republicans.
托马斯·杰佛逊、詹姆斯·麦迪逊、阿尔伯特·加勒廷这些人和他们的朋友们完全反对联邦党的所有观点，他们自称为共和党人。
In the Great Declaration Jefferson had written that government rested on the consent of the governed.
在《独立宣言》中杰佛逊写道，政府依靠它所管理的人的同意，
He also thought that the common sense of the plain people was a safer guide than the wisdom of the richer classes.
他还认为平民的常识是一个相对于富足阶级智慧而言更为安全的指南。
He was indignant at the way in which Hamilton defined the meaning of phrases in the Constitution.
汉米尔顿解释宪法中词语意义的方式令杰佛逊愤慨，
He especially relied on the words of the Tenth Amendment.
杰佛逊特别信赖第十处修正，
This amendment provided that "all powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states respectively or to the people."
这个修正规定"所有宪法没有授权给美国或者宪法没有禁止的权力都为各个州保留下来，或者说，都为人民保留下来"。
Jefferson thought that phrases like "not delegated" and "necessary and proper" should be understood in their ordinary meanings.
杰佛逊认为，像"没有授权"和"必要而适当"这样的短语都应该根据其日常意义来理解。
He now determined to arouse public opinion.
此刻，杰佛逊决定唤醒公共舆论，
He once declared that if he had to choose between having a government and having a newspaper press, he should prefer the newspaper press.
有一次他宣称：如果必须在拥有一个政府和拥有一家报社之间做出选择，他情愿选择后者。
He established a newspaper devoted to his principles and began a violent and determined attack on the Federalists, calling them monarchists.
杰佛逊创建一份传播其信念的报纸，并开始向"联邦党"展开猛烈而坚决的攻击，把他们叫做"君主制主义者"。
These disputes became especially violent in the treatment of the questions which grew out of the French Revolution.
在处置由法国革命所引发的那些问题时，这些争议变得尤为激烈。