234. Whitney's Cotton Gin, 1793.
234．伊利·惠特尼的轧棉机（1793年）
Eli Whitney was a Connecticut schoolmaster. He went to Georgia to teach General Greene's children. He was very ingenious, and one day Mrs. Greene suggested to him that he might make a machine which would separate the cotton fiber from the cotton seed. Whitney set to work and soon made an engine or gin, as he called it, that would do this. The first machine was a rude affair. But even with it one slave could clean one hundred pounds of cotton in a day. Mrs. Greene's neighbors promptly broke into Whitney's shop and stole his machine. Whitney's cotton gin made the growing of cotton profitable and so fastened slavery on the South. With the exception of the steam locomotive and the reaper, no invention has so tremendously influenced the history of the United States.
伊利·惠特尼是康涅狄格州的一名教师，他去佐治亚州给格林将军的孩子上课。伊利·惠特尼非常有独创性。一天格林夫人建议他制造一个可以将棉花纤维与棉籽分离开来的机器，惠特尼开始研制，很快他就做出了一个机器，或者用他的话说，他做出了一个轧棉机。这个机器可以完成将棉纤维与棉籽脱离开来的工作。第一台机器非常粗糙，即便如此，一个奴隶也可以用它在一天时间加工一百磅棉花。格林夫人的邻居迅速闯进惠特尼的工作间，并偷走了这台机器。惠特尼的轧棉机给棉花种植带来利益，并因此加固了南方的奴隶制。除了蒸汽机和收割机，没有什么发明如轧棉机这样深深地影响了美国的历史。
235. Colonial Manufactures.
235．殖民地时期的制造业
Before the Revolutionary War there were very few mills or factories in the colonies. There was no money to put into such undertakings and no operatives to work the mills if they had been built. The only colonial manufactures that amounted to much were the making of nails and shoes. These articles could be made at home on the farms, in the winter, when no work could be done out of doors.
在革命战争之前，在各个殖民地几乎没有作坊或者工厂，没有钱投资到这些行业，而且，即使有这些行业也没有相应的社团组织来经营它。殖民地的制造业充其量就是制造钉子和鞋子，冬天户外没有活干的时候可以在农场的家里做这些东西。