196. Appointments to Office.
196．官员的任命
The President now appointed the necessary officers to execute the national laws. These were mostly men who had been prominent in the Revolutionary War. For instance, John Jay was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and General Lincoln was appointed Collector of Customs at Boston. It was in having officers of its own to carry out its laws, that the new government seemed to the people to be so unlike the old government. Formerly if Congress wanted anything done, it called on the states to do it. Now Congress, by law, authorized the United States officials to do their tasks. The difference was a very great one, and it took the people some time to realize what a great change had been made.
此时，总统开始任命必要的官员以执行国家法律，被任命的人都是一些在革命战争中表现卓著的人，例如，约翰o杰伊被任命为最高法院的首席大法官，林肯将军被任命为波士顿的海关署长。有自己的官员去执行自己的法律，这是新政府看起来与过去政府不一样的地方。在以往，如果国会想要做什么事，它让各个州去做，现在的国会通过法律给予美国的官员授权去完成他们的任务，这是一个巨大的差别，并且人们要花费一些时间来认识如此做出的是一个什么样的巨大转变。
197. The Question of Titles.
197．头衔问题
The first fiercely contested debate in the new Congress was over the question of titles. John Adams, the Vice-President and the presiding officer of the Senate, began the conflict by asking the Senate how he should address the President. One senator suggested that the President should be entitled "His Patriotic Majesty." Other senators proposed that he should be addressed as "Your Highness, the President of the United States and Protector of their Liberties." Fortunately, the House of Representatives had the first chance to address Washington and simply called him "Mr. President of the United States."
新国会第一个有激烈争议的是头衔问题，副总统兼参议院首席约翰o亚当斯发起这个问题。他问自己在和总统说话时该如何称谓总统。一个参议员建议冠之以"爱国的陛下"，其他参议员提出他应该冠之以"殿下，美国总统和人民自由的保护者"。众议院幸运地获得第一次称谓华盛顿的机会，议员们简单地称呼他为"美国总统先生"。