48. The Founding of Massachusetts, 1629—30.
48．马萨诸塞的创建（1629——1630年）
Unlike the poor and humble Pilgrims were the founders of Massachusetts. They were men of wealth and social position, as for instance, John Winthrop and Sir Richard Saltonstall. They left comfortable homes in England to found a Puritan state in America. They got a great tract of land extending from the Merrimac to the Charles, and westward across the continent. Hundreds of colonists came over in the years 1629-30. They settled Boston, Salem, and neighboring towns. In the next ten years thousands more joined them. From the beginning Massachusetts was strong and prosperous. Among so many people there were some who did not get on happily with the rulers of the colony.
马萨诸塞的创建者不像朝圣者那样贫穷和可怜，他们有一定的社会地位和财富，如约翰·文思罗普和理查德·桑顿斯多爵士。这些人离开自己在英格兰舒适的家园到美洲创建一个清教徒的居住地，他们得到一大片土地，这块土地从梅里麦克延伸到查尔斯，并且向西穿过大陆。1629~1630年，数以百计的殖民者来到这里，他们创建了波斯顿和塞伦，并在它们周边建起一些小镇。接下来的十年间，又有数千人来到这里居住。马萨诸塞自诞生起就是强大而富足的，但是，其中有一些人与殖民地的统治者相处并不愉快。
49. Roger Williams and Religious Liberty.
49．罗杰·威廉姆斯和宗教自由
Among the newcomers was Roger Williams, a Puritan minister. He disagreed with the Massachusetts leaders on several points. For instance, he thought that the Massachusetts people had no right to their lands, and he insisted that the rulers had no power in religious matters—as enforcing the laws as to Sunday. He insisted on these points so strongly that the Massachusetts government expelled him from the colony. In the spring of 1636, with four companions he founded the town of Providence. There he decided that every one should be free to worship God as he or she saw fit.
罗杰·威廉姆斯是新到马萨诸塞的人之一，他是一名清教徒事务官，在几个方面与马萨诸塞的首领观点不合，例如，罗杰·威廉姆斯认为马萨诸塞的人没有土地所有权，并且他坚持认为管理者没有权力插手宗教事务，如就星期日给出强制性的法律。罗杰·威廉姆斯强硬地坚持这些观点，这导致马萨诸塞政府将他驱逐出这个殖民地。1636年春天，罗杰·威廉姆斯和他的四个同伴创建小镇普罗维登斯，他规定在这个小镇上所有的人都应该以自己的方式崇拜上帝。
50. The Rhode Island Towns.
50．罗得岛小镇
Soon another band of exiles came from Massachusetts. These were Mrs. Hutchinson and her followers. Mrs. Hutchinson was a brilliant Puritan woman who had come to Boston from England to enjoy the ministry of John Cotton, one of the Boston ministers. She soon began to find fault with the other ministers of the colony. Naturally, they did not like this. Their friends were more numerous than were Mrs. Hutchinson's friends, and the latter had to leave Massachusetts. They settled on the island of Rhode Island (1637).
很快又有一些放逐者从马萨诸塞赶来，他们是哈钦森夫人和她的随从们。哈钦森夫人是一位杰出的清教徒，她曾经从英格兰赶到波士顿为波士顿大臣之一约翰·科顿效力。哈钦森夫人很快就发现这片殖民地上其他大臣的错误之处，自然，这些人也不喜欢她。这些人的朋友比哈钦森夫人的朋友多得多，她不得不离开马萨诸塞。他们在罗得岛安了家（1637年）。
51. The Connecticut Colony.
51．康涅狄格殖民地
Besides those Puritans whom the Massachusetts people drove from their colony there were other settlers who left Massachusetts of their own free will. Among these were the founders of Connecticut. The Massachusetts people would gladly have had them remain, but they were discontented and insisted on going away. They settled the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Weathersfield, on the Connecticut River. At about the same time John Winthrop, Jr., led a colony to Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut. Up to this time the Dutch had seemed to have the best chance to settle the Connecticut Valley. But the control of that region was now definitely in the hands of the English.
除了被马萨诸塞人驱逐的那些清教徒，在此定居的还有一些自愿离开马萨诸塞的人，其中一些人就是康涅狄格的创建者，马萨诸塞人非常希望这些人留下来，但是，他们表示不满，并坚持离开马萨诸塞。他们在康涅狄格河畔的哈特福德、温莎和怀特菲尔德定居。大约与此同时，小约翰·温思罗普带着一部分人来到康涅狄格河河口的塞布鲁克。此时，似乎荷兰人最有机会在康涅狄格流域定居，但是，事实上这个地区牢牢掌控在英国人的手里。