Chapter 20
第20章
Rise of Political Parties
政治党派的出现
207. The Federalists.
207．联邦党
There were no political parties in the United States in 1789. All the leading men were anxious to give the new Constitution a fair trial. Even Patrick Henry supported Washington. Many men, as Alexander Hamilton and Gouverneur Morris, believed a monarchy to be the best form of government. But they saw clearly that the American people would not permit a monarchy to be established. So they supported the Constitution although they thought that it was "a frail and worthless fabric." But they wished to establish the strongest possible government that could be established under the Constitution. This they could do by defining in the broadest way the doubtful words in the Constitution as Hamilton had done in the controversy over the bank charter. Hamilton had little confidence in the wisdom of the plain people. He believed it would be safer to rely on the richer classes. So he and his friends wished to give to the central government and to the richer classes the greatest possible amount of power. Those who believed as Hamilton believed called themselves Federalists. In reality they were Nationalists.
1789年美国不存在政治党派，所有的领导者都迫切想尝试依照《宪法》秉公办事，即使帕特里克o亨利也支持华盛顿。许多人（如亚历山大o汉米尔顿和高文纽尔o莫瑞斯）相信君主制是政府的最好形式，但是，他们清醒地看到美国人民不会允许建立一个君主国，因此，尽管认为《宪法》是"一个脆弱而毫无价值的捏造物"，他们还是支持宪法，但他们希望根据宪法创建一个尽可能强大的政府，像汉米尔顿在对待银行法案中的矛盾那样，他们以最宽宏大量的方式解释那些存疑的语词。汉米尔顿几乎不对普通人的智慧抱有任何信心，他相信依赖相对富足阶层的人会更为安全些，因此，汉米尔顿希望给中央政府和相对富有的阶级以最大可能的权力，那些和汉米尔顿有同样想法的人自称为"联邦党"，他们实际上是"国家主义者"。