198. Ceremonies and Progresses.
198．接见仪式与过程
Washington liked a good deal of ceremony and was stiff and aristocratic. He soon gave receptions or "levees"as they were called. To these only persons who had tickets were admitted. Washington stood on one side of the room and bowed stiffly to each guest as he was announced. When all were assembled, the entrance doors were closed. The President then slowly walked around the room, saying something pleasant to each person. In 1789 he made a journey through New England. Everywhere he was received by guards of honor, and was splendidly entertained. At one place an old man greeted him with "God bless Your Majesty." This was all natural enough, for Washington was "first in the hearts of his countrymen." But many good men were afraid that the new government would really turn out to be a monarchy.
华盛顿喜欢丰富多彩的庆典，他表情严厉而高贵，当人们被叫到见华盛顿时，华盛顿迅速给予接待，但只有那些有接待券的人才被允许见他。华盛顿站在房间的一边向每一个被叫到的人僵硬地鞠躬。当所有的人都被召集过来以后，房间的门被关上，总统随后慢慢地在房间里四处走动，向大家讲些令人高兴的事。1789年华盛顿到新英格兰做了一次旅行，每到一处都有卫队迎接，并有盛大的款待。在一个地方一个老头用"上帝保佑陛下"来欢迎他，这是最自然的表达，因为华盛顿"在他的同胞心中是第一位的"。但是，许多有识之士担心新政府要变成一个君主国家。
199. First Tariff Act, 1789.
199．第一个关税法案（1789年）
The first important business that Congress took in hand was a bill for raising revenue, and a lively debate began. Representatives from New England and the Middle states wanted protection for their commerce and their struggling manufactures. Representatives from the Southern states opposed all protective duties as harmful to agriculture, which was the only important pursuit of the Southerners. But the Southerners would have been glad to have a duty placed on hemp. This the New Englanders opposed because it would increase the cost of rigging ships. The Pennsylvanians were eager for a duty on iron and steel. But the New Englanders opposed this duty because it would add to the cost of building a ship, and the Southerners opposed it because it would increase the cost of agricultural tools. And so it was as to nearly every duty that was proposed. But duties must be laid, and the only thing that could be done was to compromise in every direction. Each section got something that it wanted, gave up a great deal thatit wanted, and agreed to something that it did not want at all. And so it has been with every tariff act from that day to this.
国会着手处理的第一个重要的事务是一项提高关税的法案，并且展开了一场活跃的辩论。来自新英格兰和中部各州的代表需要保护他们的贸易和奋进中的制造业，来自南部各州的代表反对所有保护性的关税，认为它们对农业有害，农业是南部各州人民的重要经济来源。但是，南部各州的代表愿意对大麻征税，这一点是新英格兰所反对的，因为这样会提高装备轮船的费用。宾夕法尼亚州急需对钢铁征收关税，但新英格兰反对这样做，因为这样会增加造船的费用，南部各州的人也反对征收钢铁关税，因为这样会提高农业生产工具的价格。因此，几乎每一项关税都有其被反对的理由。但是，必须要征收关税，而唯一能做的是在各个方面折中。每一个地区都放弃大量它所想要的东西才得到它最想要的东西，并且，这个地区还要接受它所根本不想要的东西，从此以后每一件关税法案都要做如此的考虑。