原味人文风情

Pablo Picasso Biography

毕加索的一生

Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest artist of the 20th century, and was the co-founder of the cubist artist movement. Picasso was born in Malaga, Spain in 1881 to a middle-class family. He showed a talent for art at a young age, and received formal training from his father, who is an artist and museum curator.
巴布罗·毕加索是二十世纪最伟大的艺术家之一，也是立体派艺术家运动的联合创始人。毕加索在1881年出生于西班牙马拉加一户中产阶级家庭。他在年轻时就展现出艺术天份，并从他的父亲那接受正规训练，他的父亲是一名艺术家及美术馆馆长。

In 1895, Picasso's sister died of diphtheria, and the family moved to Barcelona, where his father began working in the Barcelona School of Fine Arts. Picasso's father then persuaded the academy to allow the 13-year-old Picasso to take the entrance exam. And he was admitted in only one week into the often month-long admission program.
在1895年，毕加索的妹妹死于白喉，他们家搬到巴塞隆纳，在那他的父亲开始在巴塞隆纳艺术学校任职。毕加索的父亲接着说服学校允许十三岁的毕加索参加入学考试。他在短短一周就申请到通常要花上一个月申请的科系。
Picasso's father then sent him to the Royal Academy in Madrid. But he stopped attending classes shortly after enrollment, and then moved between Paris and Spain, often living in poverty and desperation.
毕加索的父亲接着送他到马德里皇家学院。但他在注册不久后就停止去上课，然后于巴黎及西班牙间移动，通常活在贫困及绝望中。
He began experimenting with a number of new artistic style after finally settling in Paris in 1904, and met Fernande Olivier, a bohemian artist who appears in many paintings during Picasso's Rose Period.
在1904年终于在巴黎安顿后，他开始实验许多新的艺术风格，并认识了费尔南德·奥利弗－－一位在毕加索玫瑰时期中出现在许多画作上的波希米亚艺术家。

Picasso then joined the gallery in Paris, where he met a fellow artist named Georges Braque. Picasso worked closely with Braque and produced his revolutionary work Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which introduced the new style of Cubism to the world.
毕加索再来加入了巴黎的艺廊，在那他认识了名叫乔治·布拉克的艺术家同伴。毕加索与布拉克密切合作，并创作出他革命性的作品《亚维农的少女》，这将立体派的新风格引进了世界。
Picasso then began attaching cloth, newspaper, and other items to his paintings and created the collage style. He then moved from style to style, and in 1918, married Olga Khokhlova, who he met while designing a ballet in Rome. Khokhlova introduced Picasso to high society, but this clashed with Picasso's bohemian lifestyle, and they legally separated until Khokhlova's death in 1955.
然后毕加索开始将布料、报纸、还有其他物品贴上他的画作，并创作拼贴风格。他接着在不同风格间游移，且在1918年娶了欧嘉·科克洛瓦，她是他在罗马设计芭蕾舞时认识的女子。科克洛瓦将毕加索引入上流社会，但这与毕加索放荡不羁的生活型态相悖，他们依法分居直到科克洛瓦在1955年过世。
After the outbreak of World War II, Picasso remained in German-occupied Paris and continued to paint, but did not exhibit during this time as he believed that his paintings would not fit with the Nazi ideals of perfect art. He produced works such as Still Life with a Guitar and the The Charnel House during this time. He also produced his famous work Guernica and several sculptural pieces during the Spanish Civil War.
在第二次世界大战爆发后，毕加索留在遭德国占领的巴黎，并持续作画，但在这段时间中并没有展览，因为他相信他的画作并不符合纳粹对于完美艺术的理想典范。他在这段时间中创作出像是《吉他静物画》以及《停尸间》的画作。他同样也在西班牙内战期间创作出他知名的画作《格尔尼卡》以及数件雕塑作品。
Picasso embarked on many affairs during his life and fathered several children by his various young mistresses. He died in 1973 in Mougins, France—a worldwide celebrity for a legacy of estimated 50,000 works including painting, sculptures, ceramics, tapestries, and rugs.
毕加索在他的人生中进行许多风流韵事，并和他不同的年轻情妇生下几个小孩。他在1973年时于法国穆然过世－－因为那包括画作、雕像、陶艺、壁毯及地毯等预估五万件遗作而享誉全球的名人。

内容重点讲解

概念点拨：

毕加索个人生活：

结束了在马德里的进修后，1900年，毕加索只身前往欧洲艺术首府巴黎旅行。他在巴黎遇见了当地记者兼诗人马克思·雅各。雅各帮助人生地不熟的毕加索了解、学习当地的语言与文学作品，并成了毕加索的第一位巴黎友人。那时正是巴黎最严寒的日子，毕加索常需要烧掉自己的作品来取暖。

1901年，毕加索前往马德里。在马德里的头五个月，毕加索的朋友法兰西斯科·狄·艾许埃兹·索勒为两人在《青年艺术》杂志找到了份工作，索勒负责撰写文章，而毕加索则负责刊物的插图，大部分是恐怖的漫画以及怜悯穷人的作品。他们参与的第一份刊物于1901年3月31日出版，同时，毕加索开始在画作签下Picasso，取代原先的签名Pablo Ruiz y Picasso。

20世纪初，毕加索来往巴塞罗那与巴黎之间工作。1904年，在一场暴风雨当中，毕加索遇见了波希米亚的模特费尔南德·奥利弗并相恋，毕加索因而开创了玫瑰时期，并有多幅关于她的画作。在获得一些声望与机会后，费尔南德因相处不好离开了毕加索，再加上父亲过世，使得毕加索非常沮丧，认识了被他称为伊娃·谷维的玛赛儿·汉伯特。毕加索在立体派时期创作了许多对伊娃表示爱意的作品。然而，1915年，伊娃不幸病逝，毕加索因此十分伤心。

1918年夏季，毕加索迎娶了谢尔盖·达基列夫剧团的芭蕾舞女演员欧嘉·科克洛瓦。毕加索在罗马为剧团设计芭蕾舞剧Parade的服装时结识了欧嘉，婚后两人到比亚里茨附近的别墅度蜜月，并有了一个儿子保罗。

1936年7月西班牙发生内乱，毕加索画了《佛朗哥之梦》来批评佛朗哥的行为。1937年佛朗哥军阀，轰炸格尔尼卡，毕加索画了巨幅大作《格尔尼卡》，展示于巴黎举行的世界博览会中。1949年他的作品《白鸽》被选为国际和平会议海报。