原味人文风情

Girl with a Pearl Earring at The Frick
《戴珍珠耳环的少女》
I studied art history in New York. And when I was a grad student, I spent a lot of time at The Frick. So I know what kind of a special place it is, and I also know that it has a lot in common with the Mauritshuis. The Mauritshuis is a museum that specializes, like no other, in Dutch paintings of the Golden Age, so I think roughly 1450 to 1750.
我在纽约读艺术史。当我还是研究生时，我花很多时间在弗利克美术馆里。所以我知道这里是个一个怎样的特别之地，我同样也知道它和Mauritshuis美术馆有许多共同之处。Mauritshuis美术馆是一间与众不同、专门展出黄金时代的荷兰画作，我想大约在1450到1750年间。
The Girl with a Pearl Earring was done at the height of that period in the 1660s. All of the other paintings in the exhibition date from roughly the same period from the 17th century, and they all come from Holland.
《戴珍珠耳环的少女》是在1660年代那时期的颠峰完成的。展品中的所有其他画作可以追溯回大约17世纪的相同时期，它们全都来自荷兰。
We know very little about Johannes Vermeer, actually. We piece together quite a lot of information out of olds, inventories, and legal documents, but that, of course, gives only a partial impression of who he was.
我们对于强纳森·维梅尔知道的非常少，真的。我们拼凑很多从旧时代、财产清单、法律文件得到的资讯，但那，当然只给了他身分的部分印象。

During his life, we don't know where he studied, where he learned his craft from. We know that he lived in Delft. We know that he painted very few paintings. We think he probably had one patron, the man who bought all of his paintings. We know he had a lot of kids. But we don't...really don't have any way of knowing who he was as a person.
在他的人生中，我们不晓得他在哪里求学、他从哪学到他的技术。我们知道他住在Delft。我们知道他画过非常少的画。我们认为他可能有位老主顾，那个买下他所有画作的男子。我们知道他有很多孩子。但我们不...真的没有任何方式了解身为一个人他会是谁。
The girl is very timeless and very iconic. And because of that, I think people find her extremely recognizable. It's been helped, of course, by Tracy Chevalier's novel, using the girl as a subject, as well as Peter Webber's film.
这女孩是非常永恒、且非常经典的。因此，我认为人们会发现她非常容易认出。它受到，当然，崔西?雪佛兰写的小说的帮助，利用那女孩作为主题，还有彼得?韦伯的电影。
And we're actually using a lot of social media to promote her. We have been using various platforms—Facebook, Instagram. And we find that she is extremely accessible to a 21st century audience.
我们实际上运用许多社交媒体宣传她。我们一直使用各种平台－－Facebook、Instagram。我们发现她对二十一世纪的观众来说是非常平易近人的。
We have no way of knowing who the model was, if there was a model. She is not a portrait. She is actually a tronie, so she is an idealized figure. And she is not meant to be linked to this specific personality, although many art historians have tried to give her one.
我们没有办法知道那模特儿是谁，如果有个模特儿的话。她不是肖像画，她其实是幅脸部特写画像，所以她是个理想化的人物。她并非意图要与这个特定的性格有所连结，虽然许多艺术史学家都试着要给她一种性格。
She's been suggested to be Vermeer's eldest daughter, who would have been actually a little bit too young at that time to really look like her. But I think that's part of her timeless appeal people want to connect with her in some way. And giving her a name, I think, makes them feel she is a little bit more real.
有人提出她是维梅尔的大女儿，但她可能在当时确实有点太年轻而真的看起来不像她。但我认为那是她的那种永恒吸引力其中一部分，那是人们想要以某种方式和她有所连结的。我认为，给她一个名字让他们觉得她好像有点更加真实。
But she's not meant to be real. When we look at her, we wonder, "Who is she? Who is she turning around the face? How does she come across that enormous pearl that is dangling from her ear?" And we don't know, and these are things we can't possibly know.
但她并非打算要成为真实的。当我们看着她，我们想知道：“她是谁？她对谁转过脸？她怎么发现那挂在她耳朵上的巨大珍珠？”我们都不晓得，而这些是我们不可能会知道的事情。
And I think this is something you see in so many works by Vermeer. Another thing with the girl is the gaze. When you look at that gaze, she entrances us, and she's both a coed and a seductress, and she's also a wide-eyed innocent. So we really don't know how to interpret her and it keeps us looking.
我认为这是你在维梅尔许多作品中会看到的东西。有关这女孩另一件事是那凝视。当你看着那凝视，她让我们出神，而她既是一位女大学生也是一位勾引男性的女人，她同样也是睁大眼睛的无辜女孩。所以我们确实不知道要怎么解读她，它持续让我们看着。

内容重点讲解

概念点拨：

Johannes Vermeer：又译作弗美尔，被称为荷兰黄金时代最杰出的画家，与伦勃朗齐名。他的作品展示了荷兰代尔夫特市民的日常生活，他的作品和生活曾经被人遗忘了一个多世纪，直到19世纪中期，他的才华和成就才被认同。

弗美尔作品大多数描绘宁静、和谐的家庭生活，他尤其喜欢画女性的形像和活动。他流传下来的肖像画中，女性人物有40位，男性人物仅13位。其油画内容通常是一、两个人在室内劳作或休闲，光线一般从左侧照来。

弗美尔喜用黄色、蓝色和灰色，他对色彩的把握和光线的处理非常出众。通常布局简单，尺寸不大，但往往给人巨大的视觉冲击。

他使用了以微小的画点组合（点画法），并且善于使用光线的来源，使画面产生一种流动、优雅的气氛，因而被称为光影大师。

没有人了解弗美尔的技法，但可以肯定的是他经常使用当时罕见的暗箱（Camera Obscura），用以捕捉光线和色彩。当时荷兰著名的科学家列文虎克是弗美尔的好友，此人精通显微镜和光学透视，弗美尔显然从他那里学到了这门技术。

他对画面非常讲究，不论是画面构图、人物比例、光影变化都精致得跟照片一样逼真。以致有评论家认为这不是艺术，但在荷兰的黄金时代，人们并没有把绘画当成一种艺术，而只是一种手工艺，一种谋生技能而已。他的画作通常要花很长时间，基本上都需要两三年的时间才能完成一幅作品，但每一幅都堪称精品。

词组点拨：

1.「追溯回...」- Date From
All of the other paintings in the exhibition date from roughly the same period from the 17th century, and they all come from Holland.
展品中的所有其他画作可以追溯回大约17世纪的相同时期，它们全都来自荷兰。

2.「拼凑」- Piece Together
We piece together quite a lot of information out of olds, inventories, and legal documents...
我们拼凑很多从旧时代、财产清单、法律文件得到的资讯...