Recording 54
录音54
You will hear a lecture about Maori kite-making.
你将听到一段课程，讲的是毛利人的风筝制作。
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
首先，你有些时间看看第三十一题至第四十题。
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
现在仔细听录音，回答第三十一题至第四十题。
Well, good morning, everyone. As you know, we've been looking at different kinds of art and craft that were practised by the Maori people of New Zealand,
大家早上好。正如你们所知，我们正在讲新西兰毛利人的艺术与工艺，
at least before the Europeans began to arrive in the 18th century.
至少是在18世纪欧洲人来到新西兰以前。
So, the focus of this lecture is kite making: how the kites were made, their appearance and the purposes they served.
所以，这节课的重点是风筝制作：风筝是如何制作的，风筝的外形和用途。
Well, let's start with the way they were made. As with other Maori artistic traditions, kite-making involved certain rituals.
先从制作方法来时。和其它毛利艺术传统一样，风筝制作也包含一些仪式。
So, firstly, only priests were allowed to fly and handle the largest, most sacred kites.
首先，只有牧师才能放飞和掌控最大最神圣的风筝。
There were rules, too, for the size and scale of the kites that the priests had to follow, and during the preparation of both small and large kites, food was strictly forbidden.
而且制作风筝也有规定相应的尺寸和规模，牧师要严格执行，而且在制作小型和大型的风筝时，严禁出现食物。
In terms of appearance, kites were frequently designed in the image of a native bird, or a Maori god, and sometimes (perhaps less often) a well-known hero.
说到风筝外形，大部分都设计成本地鸟类的形象，或者毛利神明，有些时候（也许较为少见）是家喻户晓的英雄人物。
You can imagine that when Maori first arrived in the new country, in New Zealand, it may have taken some time to find suitable materials for their kites,
你们能想象一下，毛利人最初来到一个新国度——新西兰的时候，他们可能也花了好些时间来寻找合适制作风筝的材料。
but through trial and error, no doubt, they found plants and trees that provided bark and even roots that they could use to make the frames and wings of their kites.
但在反复试验，不断犯错后，他们找到了一些植物和树木，他们可用其树皮（甚至是树根）来制作风筝的框架和筝翼。
And after the frame had been constructed, the kite then had to be decorated. For this, the priests used long grasses, and these, when the kite was in the air, would stream along behind it.
在建好框架后，需要装饰风筝。为此，牧师们采用了长长的茅草，在风筝飞舞时会在后面随之飘荡。
They also used a variety of feathers to add, um, colour, to their creations.
牧师们还用不同的羽毛来给自己的作品增色。
Well, all this meant it was easy to see a kite in the sky but you could also hear Maori kites.
这一切都意味着，天上的风筝是很容易看见的，但你们还能听见毛利风筝。