中英文本

4.Formal Language and Informal Language

4.正式语言和非正式语言

You probable have noticed that peopleexpress similar ideas in different ways depending on the situation they are in.This is very natural. All languages have two general levels of usage — a fomallevel and an informal level. English is no exception. The diffenrence in thesetwo levels is the situation in which you use a particular level.

你或许注意到人们会用不同的方式表达类似的观点，这取决于他们所处的环境。这种现象很自然。所有语言都有两个普遍的使用层次——正式层面和非正式层面。英语也不例外。两个层次的区别在于你使用语言的语境。

Formal language is the kind of language youfind in textbooks, reference books and in business letters. You would also useformal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. Informallanguage is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends,and when we write personal notes of letters to close friends.

正式语言是在课本、参考书和商业信函中出现的语言。你也会在学校布置的作文的论文中使用正式语言。非正式语言是在与同事、家人和朋友交流时使用的，以及我们在写个人笔记或给好朋友写信时也会用到。

Formal language is different from informallanguage in several ways. First, formal language tends to be more polite. Whatwe may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. Forexample, I might say to a friend or a family member "Close the door,please." But to a stranger, I probably would say, "Would you mindclosing the door?"

正式语言和非正式语言在很多方面有所不同。首先，正式语言显得更礼貌。我们发现的有趣现象是通常要想追求礼貌，我们必须多说些话。例如，我或许会对我的朋友和家人说“请关门。”但是，对于一位陌生人，我可能会说“你介意把门关上吗？”

Another difference between formal andinformal language is some of the vocabulary. There are bound to be some wordsand phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let'ssay that I really like soccer. If I am talking to my friend, I might say."I am just crazy about soccer." But if I were talking to my boss, Iwould probably say, "I really enjoy soccer."

正式语言和非正式语言的另一处不同在于部分词汇。某些词汇与词组属于正式语言，而有些是非正式的。我们说真的喜欢足球时，如果和我的朋友交流，我或许会说：“我为足球疯狂。”如果对我的老板，或许会说：“我很欣赏足球。”除生命存在的可能。

重点讲解

1.in different ways 以不同方式

例句：All of us have our passions and we respond to it in different ways.
我们每个人都有激情，我们只是用不同的方式来做出反应。

2.depending on 取决于

例句：Depending on your politics, you'll love this or hate it.
对这些事情你是爱还是恨，取决于你的政治倾向。
3.formal language正式语言
例句：His people address him only in elaborate formal language.
他的百姓在提到他的时候，只用一种经过仔细推敲的正式措词。

4.in several ways 在很多方面

例句：Tea also helps prevent tooth decay in several ways.
茶还可以多方面帮助防止蛀牙。