Speech to the International Fiscal Association
中国经济介绍---国际财政协会演讲
by the Paymaster General, UK
英国主计长
Four years ago we set our central economic objective of high and stable levels of growth and employment. The two pillars of the Government's approach are delivering macroeconomic stability, to allow firms and individuals to invest for the future, and impletuenting microeconomic reforms to remove the barriers which prevent markets from functioning efficiently.
四年前我们设定了高稳定水平增长和就业的中心经济目标。政府的两个支柱方法是实现宏观经济稳定允许公司和个人为未来投资，和实行微观经济改革移除阻止市场有效运行的障碍。
In the last Parliament, we put in place reforms to achieve macroeconomic stability and to promote work. The UK has now achieved the highest employment of almost any OECD country and the lowest inflation in the EU.
上一次国会会议，我们落实了实现宏观经济稳定和促进工作的改革。英国已经实现了在任何经济合作与发展组织几乎最高的就业率，并且在欧盟中的通货膨胀率最低。
Building on this platform of stability and employment creation, we must now direct our energies to radical reform and modernization of product, labor and capital markets, so that the UK's productivity will rise faster than that of its industrial competitors as we close the productivity gap.
基于稳定和创造就业机会的平台，我们现在要把精力放在基础改革和产品现代化上，劳动力和资本市场上，这样英国在消除生产力差距时的生产力才会比工业竞争者增长的快。
On Monday, the Chancellor announced the next steps we will take to deliver this ambition. These include major reforms to the competition regime. This is at the heart of the Government's strategy. Vigorous competition between firms leads to increased innovation and greater efficiency—and in turn to increased productivity growth.
英国财政大臣周一时宣布了实现目标的后续计划，其中包括竞争体系的改革，这是政府战略的核心。公司间有力的竞争使得创新增加，效率提高---反过来也是生产力的增加。
So we are modernizing "complex monopoly" powers, providing a strong legal basis for competition authorities to promote competition across the economy, giving them full independence backed by additional resources and consulting on the introduction of criminal penalties for those involved in cartels.
所以我们正在实现“复杂的垄断”权利，为竞争监管当局提升经济竞争力提供了有力的法律基础，在介绍参与卡特尔的刑事惩罚方面，依靠额外的资源和咨询提供了全力的自由。
The Chancellor also announced a series of measures aimed at helping small and medium sized enterprises. We will cut the Capital Gains Tax rate on business assets, creating a regime for entrepreneurs that will be more favorable to enterprise than that of the US.
财政大臣还宣布了一系列旨在帮助中小企业的措施。我们会削减商业资产的资本增值税，创建一个比美国更好的企业家团体。
We are proposing the doubling of the assets limit for Enterprise Management Incentives, so that more growing companies can attract the high-quality employees they need to realize their potential. We have also announced a new Small Business Birth strategy, including a commitment to extend the width of the 10 per cent corporate tax rate.
我们建议企业管理奖励的双倍资产限制，如此更多发展中企业就能吸引到更多高质量员工实现目标。我们还发布了新的小企业诞生策略，包括延伸10%企业税率范围的承诺。
SMEs are important because of their significant contribution to the UK economy. Unless this sector delivers growth, the economy as a whole will be held back. However, this focus on small business does not mean that the Government has ignored the position of large business. Indeed, large successful enterprises are the bedrock of the world's leading economies.
中小企业对英国经济做出了巨大贡献。这一块如果不增长，整体经济就会被拖后腿。但是，关注小企业并不是说政府忽略了大企业的地位。事实上，大的成功的企业是世界零头经济的基石。
Globalization and the increase in internationally mobile capital have led to benefits from the growing integration of national economic systems, including greater trade in goods and services, movements of labor, and movements of capital and the integration of the financial markets.
全球化和国际移动资产的增加为国家经济系统整合的增长带来了好处，包括商品和服务的大宗贸易，劳动力的转移，资本的转移和经济市场的整合。
Over the past decade gross capital flows have increased dramatically. The UK ranks second largest in the world in terms of inward and outward direct investment with multinational companies now playing an especially important role.
过去二十年间总资本流动量急剧增长，英国在世界上向内和向外直接投资中排名第二，很多跨国公司现在占据重要位置。
There are substantial benefits, in terms of higher investment growth efficiency gains and the transfer of innovations and best business practices across national boundaries. But it has to be recognized that these changes mean that problems which were formerly seen as domestic have become international ones. Business is mobile, particularly multinational business, and naturally wants to minimize costs, including tax. And tax policies in turn may be designed primarily to divert mobile capital. These are changes which give rise to concern that anti-competitive tot practices elsewhere may distort business decisions and prove counterproductive in the end, whilst underlining the need for tax competition between countries on terms which are "fair".
就高投资增长效益获得，国界间创新和最佳商业做法的转换而言，效益是持续性的，但必须承认这些改变意味着本来在国内的问题演变成国际问题了。企业是移动的，尤其是跨国企业想最小化成本，包括纳税，而税收政策将会主要为转移可移动资本设计。这些改变也引起了对不利于竞争的税务做法的关注，这会扭曲商业决策最终适得其反，因此要注重国家质检税收竞争条款中的“公平”二字。