(单词翻译:单击)
讲座试题
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25
23
A.Harvard, Yale and Chicago University.
B.Yale, Brown and Duke University.
C.Harvard, Columbia and Brown University.
D.Brown, Princeton and Boston College.
24
A.Public schools should accept more students.
B.All private schools should become public.
C.More attention should be paid to elementary education.
D.Everyone should be given the same rights in education.
25
A.The introduction of compulsory education.
B.The introduction of strict child labor laws.
C.Rich people value higher education more.
D.Most states offer higher education for free.
讲座文本
Okay, everyone, today I'm going to tell you about the development of the American educational system. The first American schools opened during the Colonial Era. As the colonies began to develop, many began to establish education schemes. In 1642, the Massachusetts Bay Colony made "proper" education compulsory. Similar laws were accepted in other colonies in the 1640s and 1650s. Almost all of the schools that opened as a result of this were private. (23) Most of the universities which appeared between 1640 and 1750 form the Ivy League, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Brown, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and several others. After the revolution, an even heavier emphasis was put on education. This made the United States have one of the highest literacy rates of the time.
The school systems remained largely private and unorganized until the 1840s. Education reformers such as Horace Mann of Massachusetts began calling for public education systems for all. (24) He helped to create a statewide system of "common schools," which referred to the belief that everyone was given the same rights in education. These early efforts focused mainly on elementary education.
The common-school movement began to catch on. By 1900, 31 states required 8-to-14-year-olds to attend school. In 1918, every state required students to complete elementary school. Lessons consisted of students reading aloud from their texts, such as the McGuffery Readers, and emphasis was placed on rote memorization. Teachers often used physical punishments for incorrect answers.
Secondary education progressed much more slowly, remaining the province of the rich and domain of private tutors. In 1870, only 2% of 14-to-17-year-olds graduated from high school. (25) It was obvious that the introduction of strict child labor laws and growing acceptance of higher education in general in the early 20th century caused the number of high school graduates to rise quickly. Most states passed laws which increased the age for compulsory school attendance to 16.
23. Which of the following universities belongs to the Ivy League?
24. What did Horace Mann call for?
25. What led to the quick progress of secondary education later?
好了，同学们，今天我要给你们讲一讲美国教育体系的形成过程。美国第一批学校在殖民时代开设。随着殖民地的发展，很多学校开始制定教学计划。1642年，马萨诸塞湾殖民地规定了“适当的”义务教育。17世纪40年代至50年代，一些其他的殖民地也制定了相似的法律。因此类法律而建立的学校大多都是私立学校。1640至1750年间兴起的常春藤联盟包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学、布朗大学、普林斯顿大学、宾夕法尼亚大学等。工业革命之后，教育更加受到重视。这使得美国成为当时公民文化教育程度最高的国家。
直到18世纪40年代美国教育系统仍在很大程度上处于私立、无组织的状态。包括马萨诸塞州霍瑞斯·曼在内的教育改革倡导者们呼吁将教育系统针对全民公共化。他帮助创建了全国范围内的“公共学校”系统，其主要信条是每个人都应享有同等受教育的权利。这些早期的努力重点放在了初级教育阶段。
随后公共学校运动大受欢迎。到1990年，有31个州要求其8-14岁的儿童接受义务教育。到了1918年，美国所有州要求学生完成小学教育。课程包括大声朗读课文，比如《麦加菲读本》。当时的教育重点在于死记硬背。学生回答错问题通常会受到老师的体罚。
中学教育的发展十分缓慢，一直局限于比较富裕的省份和私人家教的方式。到1870年，14-17岁的孩子当中高中毕业的人数只占2%。显然，严格的童工保护法的施行和人们对于20世纪早期高等教育的接受程度整体的提升促使高中毕业生人数大量增长。很多州通过了法律将义务教育年限延长至16岁。
问题23 以下哪所大学属于常春藤联盟？
问题24 霍瑞斯·曼倡导什么？
问题25 什么促进了中学教育的发展？
译文属可可原创，仅供学习和交流使用，未经允许不得转载
习题答案解析
参考答案：
【小题23】C
【小题24】D
【小题24】B
习题解析：
【小题23】听力原文中提到 Most of the universities which appeared between 1640 and 1750 form the Ivy League, including Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Brown, Princeton, the University of Pennsylvania, and several others，指出 1640 至 1750 年间兴起的常春藤联盟包括哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、哥伦比亚大学、布朗大学、普林斯顿大学、宾夕法尼亚大学等。四个选项中与原文相符的是 C 项，故选 C。
【小题24】听力原文中提到 Education reformers such as Horace Mann of Massachusetts began calling for public education systems for all，指出 Horace Mann 呼吁公共教育面向所有人开放，随后提到他帮助创建了全国范围内的“公共学校”系统，其主要信条是每个人都应享有同等受教育的权利。由此可知，D 项表述符合听力原文，故选 D。
【小题25】听力原文中提到 It was obvious that the introduction of strict child labor laws and growing acceptance of higher education in general in the early 20th century caused the number of high school graduates to rise quickly.由此可见，促使高中毕业生人数大量增长的原因在于严格的童工保护法的施行和人们对于高等教育的接受程度整体提升，但是这并不限于富人，因而 C 项表述与原文不符，B 项表述正确。其他两项听力中并未提及，可排除。
