(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
I'm Barbara Klein. And I'm Steve Ember with People in America in VOA Special English. Today we complete our report about photographer Margaret Bourke-White. She helped create the modern art of photojournalism.
Margaret Bourke-White began her career as an industrial photographer in the early nineteen thirties. Her pictures captured the beauty and power of machines. They told a story – one image at a time. The technique became know as the photographic essay. In nineteen thirty-six, American publisher Henry Luce started a new magazine, called Life, based on the photographic essay. In this magazine, the pictures told the story. Bourke-White had worked as a photographer for one of Luce's other magazines, called Fortune. Luce chose her to work on his new magazine.
Margaret Bourke-White took the picture that appeared on the first cover of Life magazine. It was a picture of a new dam being built in the western state of Montana. The light on the rounded supports showed the dam's great strength. The small shapes of two men at the bottom showed the dam's huge size. Bourke-White was no longer satisfied just to show the products of industry in her pictures, as she had in the past. She wanted to tell the story of the people behind the industry: In this case, the people who were building the dam.
The dam in Montana was a federal project. Ten thousand people worked on it. Bourke-White took pictures of those people – at the dam, in the rooms where they lived, and in the places where they had fun. With her pictures in Life magazine, she told a story about America's "Wild West" in the twentieth century.
Margaret Bourke-White was a social activist. She was a member of the American Artists Congress. These artists supported state financial aid for the arts. They fought discrimination against African-American artists. And they supported artists fighting against fascism in Europe.
In the nineteen thirties, Bourke-White met the American writer Erskine Caldwell. Caldwell was known for his stories about people in the American South. The photographer and the writer decided to produce a book to tell Americans about some of those poor country people of the South. They traveled through eight states, from South Carolina to Louisiana. Their book, "You Have Seen Their Faces," was published in nineteen thirty-seven. It was a great success.
Caldwell's words were beautiful. But Bourke-White's pictures could have told the story by themselves. They showed the faces of people in a land that still wore the mask of defeat in America's Civil War.
In nineteen thirty-eight, some countries in Europe were close to war. Bourke-White and Caldwell went there to report on these events. They produced another book together, this time about Czechoslovakia. It was called "North of the Danube." The next year Margaret Bourke-White and Erskine Caldwell were married. They continued to work together.
By the spring of nineteen forty-one, Europe had been at war for a year and a half. Bourke-White and Caldwell went to the Soviet Union. They were the only foreign reporters there. For six weeks, Bourke-White took pictures of the Soviet people preparing for war. Then, one night in July, Soviet officials announced that German bomber planes were flying toward Moscow. No civilians were permitted to stay above ground because of the coming attacks.
As others were hurrying to safety, Bourke-White placed several cameras in the window of her hotel room. She set the cameras so they would remain open to the light of the night sky. Then she joined the others in rooms under the hotel. While she waited for the bombing attack to end, her cameras recorded the explosions, which lit up the rooftops of the city.
Before leaving the country, Bourke-White received permission to meet with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. She returned home with his picture and a series of other photographic essays for Life magazine. She also had enough material for a book on the war in the Soviet Union. Margaret Bourke-White's marriage to Erskine Caldwell ended in divorce in nineteen forty-two.
During World War Two, she became an official photographer with the United States Army. Her photographs were to be used jointly by the military and by Life magazine. She was the first woman to be permitted to work in combat areas during World War Two.
Bourke-White flew with American bomber planes in England as they prepared to attack enemy targets on the European continent. She wanted to fly with the Army to North Africa, where the allies were fighting German troops in the desert.
But the commanding general told her it would be too dangerous. So she sailed for North Africa instead. Before she reached the African coast, enemy bombs hit the ship and sank it. An allied warship rescued Bourke-White and the other survivors and took them to Algeria.
The incident did not stop Bourke-White from reporting on the war. She flew in an allied bombing attack on a German airfield at El Aouina in Tunisia. She flew over the terrible fighting in the Cassino Valley in Italy. And she moved along the Rhine River with the United States Third Army, under the command of General George Patton. At the end of the war, she was with American troops when they entered and freed several Nazi death camps. She took photographs of the prisoners in the Buchenwald death camp in Germany in nineteen forty-five.
Later, she wrote about the war. She said she sometimes pulled an imaginary cloth across her eyes as she worked. In the death camps, she said, the cloth was so thick that she did not really know what she was photographing until she saw the finished pictures. In addition to her stories for Life magazine, Bourke-White published books on the allied campaign in Italy and on the fall of Nazi Germany.
After the war, Life magazine sent Margaret Bourke-White to India. She stayed for three years as India prepared for its independence from Britain. She photographed the battles between Muslims and Hindus. And she met with the leader of India's non-violent campaign for independence, Mohandas Gandhi. She made a famous photograph of him called "Gandhi at His Spinning Wheel." She was the last person to photograph Gandhi before he was murdered in nineteen forty-eight.
After that, Bourke-White traveled to South Africa. Her job was to tell the story of the black people who worked in the country's gold mines. To get the pictures she wanted, she followed the workers deep into the mine tunnels.
In the early nineteen fifties, she went to Korea to photograph the effects of war on the Korean people. She took a famous photograph of a returning soldier reunited with his mother in South Korea in nineteen fifty-two. The mother had believed that her son had been killed several months earlier in the Korean War.
Margaret Bourke-White tried to make her pictures perfect. Often, she was not satisfied with what she had done. She would look at her pictures and see something she had failed to do, or something she had not done right. Reaching perfection was not easy. Many things got in the way of her work. She said: "There is only one moment when a picture is there. And a moment later, it is gone forever. My memory is full of those pictures that were lost."
More of Margaret Bourke-White's beautiful pictures were to be lost, sooner than anyone expected. In the middle nineteen fifties, she began to suffer from the effects of Parkinson's disease.
Her hands shook so badly that she could not hold a camera. She wrote a book about her life, called "Portrait of Myself." And, even though she was unable to take photographs, she continued to work for Life magazine until nineteen sixty-nine. She died in nineteen seventy-one at the age of sixty-seven.
Margaret Bourke-White was a woman doing what had been a man's job. Her work took her around the world, from factories to battlefields. Her life was full of adventure. She was one of the most important photographers of the twentieth century.
重点解析
1.fight against斗争
He died after a brave but unavailing fight against a terminal illness.
在与绝症进行了一番勇敢但却徒劳的抗争之后，他还是去世了。
2.close to接近
We have had meaningful negotiations and I believe we are very close to a deal.
我们已进行了有益的磋商，我相信我们很快能成交。
3.because of因为
It is happening in this fashion because of the obstinacy of one woman.
事情会如此发展是因为一个女人的固执己见。
4.light up点亮
That same year, we provided a10 horsepower steam engine with generator to light up the port of Shanghai.
同年，我们出售的10马力蒸汽发动机和发电机，照亮了上海的港口。
5.reunite with重聚
Mr. Duncan had come to the United States to reunite with family.
邓肯来美国则是为了与家人团聚。
6.suffer from受害于
Many kids suffer from acne and angst.
许多年轻人都会受到青春痘和焦虑的困扰。
参考译文
我是芭芭拉·克莱因，我是史蒂夫·恩贝尔。这里是VOA慢速英语栏目《美国人物志》。今天我们继续讲述玛格丽特·伯克·怀特的故事。她帮助创立了现代摄影艺术。
玛格丽特·伯克-怀特在20世纪30年代初以工业摄影师开始了她的生涯。她的照片捕捉了机器的美丽和能量。它们讲述了一个故事-一次一张照片。这种手法后来被称为摄影随笔。1936年，美国出版商亨利·卢斯根据这种手法创办了一本名为《生活》的新杂志。在这个杂志中，照片用来讲故事。伯克-怀特曾是卢斯的另一本杂志《财富》的摄影师。卢斯选她为他的新杂志工作。
玛格丽特选了这张照片作为首期《生活》杂志的封面。这是一张在西部的蒙大拿州新建造的大坝的照片。圆形支架上的灯光显示了大坝的巨大力量。在底部的两个人形展示了大坝的巨大尺寸。伯克·怀特不再满足于仅仅在自己的照片中展示工业产品，就像她在以前那样。她想讲述工业背后的人的故事。在这个照片中，就是建造大坝的人们。
蒙大拿州的大坝是一个联邦工程。有一万个人参与了工程。伯克·怀特给这些人拍摄了照片-在大坝那里，在他们生活的房间，在他们玩乐的地方。她的照片发表在《生活》杂志上，讲述了一个关于二十世纪美国“狂野西部”的故事。
玛格丽特·伯克-怀特是一位社会活动家。她是美国艺术家协会的成员。这些艺术家支持国家对艺术的财政援助。他们反对对非裔美国艺术家的歧视。他们还支持艺术家在欧洲抗击法西斯主义。
在20世纪30年代，伯克-怀特遇到了美国作家厄斯金·考德威尔。考德威尔以描写美国南部的故事而闻名。这位摄影师和作家决定写一本书，告诉美国人一些关于南方那些贫穷的乡下人的事。他们旅行去了八个州，从南卡罗来纳州到路易斯安那州。他们的书《你见过他们的脸》出版于1937年。该书取得了巨大的成功。
考德威尔的文字很优美。但是伯克·怀特的照片也可以自己讲故事。他们展示了这片土地上人们的面孔，那的人们仍然戴着美国内战战败的面具。
1938年，欧洲的一些国家接近参战。伯克·怀特和考德威尔去了那里播报这些事件。他们还合作出版了另一本关于捷克斯洛伐克的书。该书名为《多瑙河以北》。第二年，玛格丽特·伯克-怀特和厄斯金·考德威尔结婚了。他们继续在一起工作。
到1941年春，欧洲已经参战一年半。伯克·怀特和考德威尔去了苏联。他们是那里唯一的外国记者。伯克·怀特花了六个星期的时间拍摄苏联人民备战的照片。然后，在七月的一个晚上，苏联官员宣布德国轰炸机正在朝莫斯科飞来。由于即将到来的袭击，没有平民被允许留在路面上。
在其他人匆忙赶到安全地带时，伯克·怀特在她酒店房间的窗户上放了几个相机。她把摄像机调好，这样它们就能对着夜空的光线保持开放。然后她加入其他人进到酒店下面的房间里。在她等着爆炸袭击结束时，她的相机记录了这次爆炸，城市的屋顶都被照亮了。
在离开这个国家前，伯克·怀特获准与苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林会面。伯克·怀特带着他的照片和一些列为《生活》杂志准备的摄影散文。她还有足够的材料写一本关于苏联战争的书。玛格丽特·伯克-怀特与厄斯金·考德威尔的婚姻在1942年以离婚告终。
二战期间，她成为了一名美国军队的官方摄影师。她的照片将被军方和《生活》杂志联合使用。她是第二次世界大战期间第一个被允许在战区工作的妇女。
伯克·怀特随美国轰炸机飞到了英国，他们准备攻击欧洲大陆的敌军目标。她想随军队飞到北非，在那里，盟军在沙漠中和德军战斗。
但是主将告诉她这样太危险了。所以怀特航行去了北非。在她到达非洲海岸之前，敌军的炸弹将船击沉了。一艘同盟的军舰救了伯克·怀特和其他幸存者，并把他们带到了阿尔及利亚。
这次事故并没有阻止伯克·怀特停止报道战争。她参加了盟军对突尼斯埃尔奥伊纳德国机场的轰炸。她飞过了意大利卡西诺山谷可怕的战斗。她跟随美国第三军，在乔治·巴顿将军的指挥下，沿着莱茵河行进。战争结束时，她和美国军队一起进入并释放了几个纳粹死亡集中营。1945年，她拍摄了德国布痕瓦尔德集中营囚犯的照片。
后来，她写了关于战争的事。她说，她在工作时有时候会假装眼睛蒙了一块布。在死亡集中营，她说，布太厚了，她看不太清楚自己拍了什么照片，直到她看到完成的照片。除了为《生活》杂志创造的故事，伯克·怀特还出版了关于在意大利的盟军活动和纳粹德国的陨落的书。
战后，《生活》杂志将伯克·怀特派往印度。在印度准备脱离英国独立时，她在那里待了三年。她拍摄了穆斯林和印度教徒之间的战争。她还会见了印度非暴力独立运动领袖莫罕达斯·甘地。她给他拍了一张著名的照片，名为《甘地在纺车旁》。在1948年甘地被谋杀之前，她是最后一个拍摄甘地的人。
之后，伯克·怀特旅行去了南非。她的工作是讲述在南非金矿工作的黑人的故事。为了得到她想要的照片，她跟着工人们深入矿井隧道。
在二十世纪五十年代早期，她前往朝鲜拍摄战争对朝鲜人民的影响。1952年，她拍摄了一张著名的照片，一名返家的士兵与他的母亲在韩国团聚。这名母亲认为她的儿子几个月前在朝鲜战争中被杀。
玛格丽特·伯克·怀特试图拍摄完美的照片。她经常不满意自己拍摄的照片。她经常看着自己拍的照片，去发现她没能做到的事情，或者没有做对的事情。达到完美并不简单。很多东西组织她把工作做好。她表示：“拍摄一张好的照片只有一瞬间。瞬间之后，就再也拍不成了。我的记忆里都是这些失去的照片。
更多玛格丽特·伯克·怀特的美丽的照片将要消失，比任何人想的都要快。20世纪50年代中期，她开始遭受帕金森疾病的痛苦。
她的手晃得很严重，不能再拿起相机了。她写了一本关于自己生活的书《自画像》。即使她不能在拍照片了，她继续为《生活》杂志工作，直到1969年。她于1971年去世，享年67岁。
玛格丽特·伯克-怀特是一个做着男人的工作的女人。她的工作带她周游世界，从工厂到战场。她的生活充满了冒险。她是20世纪最重要的摄影师之一。
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