(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
Hello. It is nice to be with you again. I'm Jim Tedder in Washington.
Today we hear about some Africans who have moved to Moscow hoping for a better life.
Also a look inside the human body at trillions of tiny bugs that often are good for us. But first a story about women trying to compete in a "man's" world.
In the African nation of Sierra Leone, about 80 percent of all agricultural workers are women. Many are poor. While women have a right to work on farms, they often cannot own the land. But things are beginning to change. There are new efforts that give more power to women in rural areas. Abibatu Sankoh operates this machine at a place called Mile 91 in northern Sierra Leone. The device cleans rice before it is sold.
She says the machine helps her to work faster and sell more rice. She earns more money, and is now better able to feed her six children and pay their costs for schooling. Her community is taking part in a joint program between Sierra Leone and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization. The program operates business centers that teach farmers better ways to market their products and keep records of what they sell.
David Mwesigwa is a manager of the program. He says women are given important jobs at the centers."Many are treasurers because of their trust of handling money. Many are secretaries because of their knowledge in terms of writing and record keeping. Those positions are very key."
But women in Sierra Leone find it difficult to own farm land. A woman has a legal right to her husband's property only after he dies and when he alone was the owner. In rural areas, local chiefs give land to men, while women are often left with no home after their husbands die. An independent Italian organization is teaching these women to read, and understand their rights. Roisin Cavanaugh is with Cooperazione Internazaionale.
"It is very difficult for women to advocate on behalf of themselves when they don't even know the documents they are putting their thumbprint to, when they could be signing their rights away to land. So we are trying to get women to a functional level of literacy."
Roisin Cavanaugh says her organization also has taught women how to appeal to get land returned to them. She says this has led to 120 lands rights cases. Probably half have resulted in women getting their land back or receiving payment for the land.
The human body contains about 10 trillion human cells. It also has about 100 trillion microbes. The microbes are naturally forming bacteria that can be helpful. Some are even necessary for good health. Taken together, all these cells and microbes make up what researchers call the human microbiome.
Now a Citizen Science project seeks to expand our understanding of this complex relationship. Bob Doughty has more. The microbes in our gut – the gastrointestinal tract – help process food and fight bacteria that cause disease.
University of Colorado scientist Rob Knight wants to learn what nutrients aid the helpful microbes, and understand how they act with each other.
"What this research could ultimately lead to is a world where no infectious disease goes undiagnosed." To reach this goal, he has launched an online campaign called the American Gut Project. People all over the world are invited to take part. They are sent questions about their diet, health and use of antibiotic drugs. They also are asked to collect microbes from their mouths, faces and waste material. Then, they return everything to Rob Knight's laboratory.
Chris Lauber directs the laboratory work. He says most studies of the human microbiome involve laboratory animals or people with a clear health problem. He believes that the openness of American Gut Project will provide new knowledge. "Anybody can enroll, and we don't care what their disease state is and whether they're on antibiotics. We just want to know about them. And what microbes are in their gut."
An increasing amount of research shows that gut microbes can easily be killed off. It happens through poor nutrition, overuse of antibiotic drugs, pollution and eating junk food. In countries with traditional food and less antibiotic use, health problems like allergies and asthma are less common than in the West. Everyone who takes part in the American Gut Project will get a report on the microbes they provided, comments about their diet and their answers to health questions.
After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, Africans in Russia started to face discrimination from white power extremists, or "skinheads." Christopher Cruise is following the story.
When Russian nationalist skinheads insult the "chyorni," or the blacks, they often mean Muslim immigrants from Central Asia. But thousands of Africa students also work and study in the Russian capital, Moscow. And they also are targets of hatred from the skinheads. Rukunayi Pisou has been one of these targets. He was born in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but now lives in Russia.
He told VOA that he once escaped 15 skinheads who chased him into a building. He said he jumped out a window, but suffered a broken foot.
Mister Pitsou says the Russian skinheads do not like seeing black people in Moscow. He says when the skinheads attack, they beat their victims without pity. A Protestant religious center in Moscow says it recorded 16 physical attacks against Africans in the capital last year. One victim died. Eric Merlain from Cameroon advises Africans not to get involved in fighting. "The only thing is for you to be very calm and avoid fighting. Because if they beat you, just look for a way and escape. If you engage in fighting you might lose your life."
Another Congolese immigrant, Peguy Nkodia, advises Africans not to come to Russia. He notes the expense of living there. Ibrahim from Mali says he earns 20 dollars a day passing out paper flyers. And he says this is not enough to survive on in Moscow. Mister Nkodia says African migrants sleep 10 people to one room. He says it is not the rich nation he dreamed of moving to when he lived in Kinshasa. He also advises Africans not to come to Russia if they do not have a job or a place in a university. Still, some Russians say people of color are still objects of friendly interest, as they were during Soviet rule.
A top official of the People's Friendship university says safety tips are given to hundreds of Africans who study at the school, once called Patrice Lumumba University. But he believes Moscow is now more accepting of African students.
重点解析
1.compete 竞争；对抗
Compete only with yourself.
只与自己竞争。
2.operate 操作；运转
The machine is operating continuously.
那台机器一直在不停地运转。
3.take part in 参与
Who will take part in your study ?
谁将会参与你的研究？
4.Roisin Cavanaugh says her organization also has taught women how to appeal to get land returned to them.
appeal to 上诉
He decided to appeal to a higher court.
他决定向上一级法院上诉。
5.Taken together, all these cells and microbes make up what researchers call the human microbiome.
make up 组成
The committee is made up of six women.
委员会由六位妇女组成。
6.Eric Merlain from Cameroon advises Africans not to get involved in fighting.
get involved in 卷入
The best way out is for neither of us to get involved in Cambodia.
最好的出路是，我们双方都不要卷入柬埔寨。
参考译文
大家好。很高兴再次和大家见面。我是吉姆·特德。今天我们讲述有些非洲人为了更好的生活而搬到了莫斯科的故事。还要去窥探人体内万亿个小生物。但首先第一个故事是关于在男人世界争取权利的女人们。
在非洲国家塞拉利昂，约有80%的农业工人都是女性，多数人都很穷。虽然女性拥有在农场工作的权利，但她们通常都没有自己的土地。但是事情开始有了改变。不懈的努力给予了偏远地区的女性更多的权利。
Abibatu Sankoh在塞拉利昂北部的一个叫做91公里的地方运行着这种机器。在稻米出售前，要用这种设备进行清理。她说这个机器帮助她快速工作并能卖掉更多的米。她挣的钱更多了，现在足以更好的养育她的六个孩子并支付他们的学费。她所在的社区参加了一个塞拉利昂和联合国粮食及农业组织的联合项目。该项目经营商业中心教农民更好的买卖他们的商品并做好销售记录。
大卫·姆维西瓦是该项目的一名经理。他说中心会派给女性重要工作。“许多女性分派的工作是会计，因为她们能够管钱。许多女性的工作是秘书，因为她们有书写和记录方面的知识。那些职位非常关键。”
但是塞拉利昂的女性发现要拥有一块农田很困难。一名女性只有在丈夫死后才能合法继承她丈夫的财产，且她的丈夫要是其财产的唯一拥有者。在偏远地区，当地首领给男人分配土地，而女性们在她们的丈夫死后，变得一无所有。一个意大利独立组织教这些女性读书并让她们了解自己的权利。Roisin Cavanaugh是国际合作组织一员。“当女性们不知道她们按拇指印的文件是什么，当她们签署的文件可能是让她们放弃自己的土地权的时候，她们很难主张维护自己的权利。所以我们尝试让女性掌握基本的读写能力。”
Roisin Cavanaugh表示她的组织还教这些女性如何呼吁拿回属于自己的土地。她说这涉及120起土地权利案件。或许其中一半案件中的女性最后都拿回自己的土地或是收到赔偿款。
人体中含有十万亿人类细胞，还有约一百万亿个微生物。微生物形成有益的细菌。其中一些甚至是健康身体的必备细菌。总的来说，所有这些细胞和微生物组成了研究人员所说的人体微生物组。现在全民科学项目希望延伸大家对这种复杂关系的理解。鲍勃·道蒂为您报道。
人类内脏中的微生物—胃肠道—帮助加工食物并对抗那些引起疾病的细菌。科罗拉多大学科学家罗布·奈特希望了解什么营养物能够帮助有益微生物并了解它们如何彼此相互行动。“该研究的最终结果或许通向一个传染疾病能够被诊断出来的世界。”为了达成这个目标，他发起了一个在线运动—美国肠道项目。全世界的人都被邀请参与该项目。他们收到关于他们饮食、健康和抗生素药物使用的问题。他们还被要求收集口中、脸部和废弃材料中的微生物。然后，他们将所有这些送至罗布·奈特的实验室。
克里斯·劳伯指导实验室工作。他说多数人体微生物组的研究都设计实验室动物或有明显健康问题的人群。他认为美国肠道项目开放性能提供新知识。“任何人都能参加并且我们不在乎他们的病情以及他们是否用过抗生素。我们只想了解他们以及他们内脏中的微生物。”不断有研究表明肠道细菌能轻易被杀害。它们会死于营养不良、抗生药物过量服用、污染和垃圾食物。在那些食用传统食品和更少使用抗生素的国家，像过敏和哮喘这样的健康问题没有西方国家那么常见。每个参与美国肠道项目的人都能获得他们提供的一份关于微生物的报告，上面有他们饮食以及对于他们健康问题的回答。
前苏联解体后，在俄罗斯的非洲人开始面临白人极端主义或“光头党”的的歧视。克里斯托弗·克鲁斯为您讲述。
当俄罗斯民族主义光头党辱骂“chyorni”或黑人，他们通常指的是来自中亚的伊斯兰移民。
但是数千名非洲学生也在俄罗斯首都莫斯科工作和学习。他们也成为了光头党仇恨的目标。Rukunayi Pisou是这些目标中的一员。他出生于刚果民主共和国，但现在生活在俄罗斯。他告诉VOA，他曾从15名光头党的追捕中逃脱。他们追到一栋建筑物，他说他跳出窗户，但腿断了。
Pitsou先生说俄罗斯光头党不喜欢在莫斯科看到黑人。他说遭遇光头党袭击时，他们对待受害者毫不怜惜。莫斯科一家新教徒宗教中心表示过去一年在莫斯科就有16起攻击非洲人事件。一名受害者死亡。来自喀麦隆的埃里克建议非洲人不要参与斗殴。“唯一一件事就是要非常镇定，避免斗殴。因为如果他们打你，只能瞄准路逃跑。如果参与斗殴，你可能会丧命。”另一位刚果移民Peguy Nkodia建议非洲人不要去俄罗斯。他强调俄罗斯的生活开支。来自马里的Ibrahim表示他发传单一天挣20美元，在莫斯科生存远不够。Nkodia说非洲移民睡的是十人间。他说这并不是一个他梦想中的富有国家。他还建议非洲人不要来俄罗斯，如果他们没有工作也不是大学生。一些俄罗斯人说在苏维埃政府期间，大家对有色人种还是很友善的。俄罗斯人民友谊大学高级官员给了学校百名非洲人一些安全建议但是他认为莫斯科现在对非洲学生的接受度更高。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
