(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
I'm Faith Lapidus. And I'm Bob Doughty with People in America in VOA Special English. Today we tell about the research scientist and broadcasting leader Henry Loomis. Mister Loomis held many interesting communications positions over his long career.
He served as director of the Voice of America for seven years starting in nineteen fifty-eight. Mister Loomis played an important role in creating the Special English service.
Henry Loomis was born in nineteen nineteen in Tuxedo Park, New York. His father was Alfred Lee Loomis, a wealthy New York City businessman. Unlike many businessmen at the time, Alfred Loomis protected his wealth during the financial crash of nineteen twenty-nine. He later withdrew from the world of business in order to spend more time working as a scientist.
Henry Loomis and his brothers Lee and Farney grew up spending time in the private laboratory their father built. This scientific background and the people who worked with his father would have a big influence on Henry's life. Alfred Loomis taught traditional values to his sons and stressed the importance of education and hard work.
Alfred Loomis invited the top scientists in the world to his Loomis Laboratory, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi and Niels Bohr.
Alfred Loomis and members of his lab team made important discoveries and inventions. They studied many subjects, including the measurement of time, or chronometry, and electroencephalography, or the measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain. Henry Loomis even took part in his father's experiments on measuring brain activity.
In an interview, Henry Loomis remembered an experiment he took part in when he was about seventeen years old. Henry slept in a sound-proof room with electrode devices attached to his head. Alfred Loomis was nearby with a microphone device. He told his son in a soft voice that Henry's favorite object, his boat, was on fire. Henry Loomis jumped out of bed to save the boat. This experiment and others helped Alfred Loomis show how emotional upset could change human brain waves.
Alfred Loomis later helped open the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Radiation Laboratory. His work helping to develop the new technology of radar would be used by the United States and Britain to defeat Germany during World War Two.
Henry Stimson was related to the Loomis family. He was also an advisor and close friend. Among other positions, Mister Stimson had served as secretary of state under President Herbert Hoover. He told Henry Loomis that he and his brothers were very lucky in life and that they should serve their country as a way to give thanks. Henry Loomis took these words very seriously.
In nineteen forty, Henry Loomis dropped out of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts to join the United States Navy. He was able to put to good use his knowledge of radar technology that he had learned about because of his father's work. After graduating at the top in his naval training class, Henry Loomis became a teacher at the Navy's radar training school in Hawaii. In December of nineteen forty-one, Japan bombed the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This event marked the United States' official entry in World War Two.
By the end of the war, Henry Loomis had received many honors for his service, including a Bronze Star and an Air Medal. He left the Navy in nineteen forty-six to begin graduate studies.
That year, he married his first wife, Mary Paul MacLeod. Mister Loomis studied physics at the University of California at Berkeley. He worked as an assistant to Ernest Lawrence, the director of the university's radiation laboratory. Mister Lawrence had won the Nobel Prize in nineteen thirty-nine for his work in nuclear physics.
Henry Loomis later moved to Washington, D.C. to begin another stage of his career in public service. He held positions in the Department of Defense and other agencies. Mister Loomis also directed the Office of Intelligence and Research at the United States Information Agency. In nineteen fifty-eight, he became director of the Voice of America under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
During his travels around the world, Mister Loomis saw that English was becoming an important international language. He believed that it was important to make English easier to understand by listeners of VOA broadcasts whose native language was not English. So Mister Loomis asked VOA program manager Barry Zorthian to develop a way to broadcast to listeners with a limited knowledge of English.
The result of this effort was Special English. The first Voice of America broadcast in Special English took place on October nineteenth, nineteen fifty-nine. Critics at the time said the Special English method of broadcasting at a slower rate with a limited vocabulary would never work. American embassies demanded that the program be cancelled. But Mister Loomis supported the program.
Soon, VOA began to receive hundreds of letters from listeners praising the program. Special English programs became some of the most popular on VOA. We are pleased to say that our programs still are.
Henry Loomis made other important improvements at VOA. He expanded VOA's broadcasting ability by setting up transmitter devices in countries including Liberia and the Philippines. He also decided that VOA needed a charter document to make its goals and rules clear. Such a charter would also officially state VOA's independence from other government programs. The charter states that VOA has to win the attention and respect of its listeners.
It lists VOA's goals: to produce correct, balanced and expansive broadcasts. And to show the many sides of America's society, thoughts and organizations. President Eisenhower approved the charter before he left office. It was later signed into law by President Ford in nineteen seventy-six.
Henry Loomis compared the VOA charter to the United States Constitution. He said he believed the charter represented the realities of the world and the moral code of the country.
Henry Loomis resigned from VOA in nineteen sixty-five over disagreements with the government about how to report on America's involvement in the Vietnam War. Mister Loomis believed VOA should report about the war honestly, without censorship from the Administration of President Lyndon Johnson. He gave a farewell speech at VOA headquarters in which he talked about his time working here.
HENRY LOOMIS: "How has the Voice changed in these seven years? In my judgment, the most important changes are the codification of the mission of VOA in our charter..."
Mister Loomis also talked about program changes he helped make.
HENRY LOOMIS: "English broadcasts have been tripled and diversified. A new language, Special English, has been created to reach those with limited knowledge of, and a desire to learn, the language."
Henry Loomis said that he believed VOA serves the world poorly if it is asked to change its news and programs to serve government policy interests.
HENRY LOOMIS: "I believe VOA serves the national interest well if it reflects responsibly, affirmatively and without self-consciousness that ours is a society of free men who practice what they preach. To do this effectively, we must do it at all times. Freedom is not a part-time thing."
Mister Loomis talked about government control of the press for political reasons.
HENRY LOOMIS: "To sweep under the rug what we don't like, what does not serve our tactical purpose, is a sign of weakness."
But he said that to recognize forces and opinions that disagree with government policies is a sign of strength. At the end of his speech, Mister Loomis said goodbye to VOA workers.
HENRY LOOMIS: "It has been a privilege to have served with you, to have learned from you, to have had fun with you."
In nineteen seventy-two, Henry Loomis became president of the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. This organization was created by Congress to provide money for public television stations. Around this time he married his second wife, Jacqueline Chalmers. Mister Loomis later retired to private life. He remained active in his favorite sports -- sailing and hunting.
Henry Loomis died in two thousand eight in Jacksonville, Florida. He was eighty-nine years old. He had a life-long career of valuable service in science and communications.
And we honor him with a special thank you for helping to make this and other Special English programs possible.
重点解析
1.took part in参加
I took part in a English speech contest. I have a lot of harvest in this contest.
我参加了一次英语演讲比赛。这次比赛让我有了很多的收获。
2.drop out 退出；退学
We should help those who drop out of university because of economic reasons .
我们应该帮助那些由于经济原因从大学退学的学生。
3.by the end of 到...结束时
You should present your dissertation by the end of next month.
你应该在下月底之前提交你的学术论文。
4.set up建立；装配
Thirdly, if it is necessary, we should set up some new reserves for them.
第三，如果必要的话，我们应该为它们建立一些新保护区。
5.resign from辞职
He spent ages negotiating for a pay increase, only to resign from his job soon after he'd received it.
他花了很多时间来谈判提高工资，却在加了工资后不久辞职了。
6.sign into law 签署成为法律
He still wants legislation to sign into law by the end of the year.
他仍然希望今年年底之前将立法签署法律。
参考译文
我是费思·拉皮德斯，我是鲍勃·道蒂，这里是VOA慢速英语栏目《美国人物志》。今天我们讲述研究科学家和广播业领袖亨利·卢米斯的故事。卢米斯先生在他漫长的职业生涯中担任过许多有趣的公关职务。
从1958年开始，他担任了7年的《美国之音》主管。卢米斯先生在创建这个特别英语服务中发挥了重要作用。
亨利·卢米斯于1919年出生在纽约的塔克西多公园。他的父亲阿尔弗雷德·李·卢米斯是纽约市一位富有的商人。不像当时的许多商人，阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯在1929年的金融崩溃中保护住了自己的财富。后来，为了花费更多时间做一名科学家，他退出了商业世界。
亨利·卢米斯和他的兄弟李、法尼在父亲建造的私人实验室里长大。这个科学背景和与自己父亲一块工作的人们对亨利的生活有很大的影响。阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯教给儿子们传统的价值观念，并强调了教育和努力工作的重要性。
阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯邀请了世界顶尖的科学家到他的卢米斯实验室，其中包括阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、恩里科·费米和尼尔斯·玻尔。
阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯和他的实验室团队成员做出了重要的发现和发明。他们研究了许多课题，包括测量时间，或测时，和脑电图，或测量大脑产生的电活动。亨利·卢米斯甚至参加了他父亲测量大脑活动的实验。
在一次采访中，亨利·卢米斯回忆起他十七岁时参加的一个实验。亨利睡在一间隔音的房间里，头上戴着电极装置。阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯带着麦克风在附近。他用柔和的声音告诉儿子亨利最喜欢的东西，他的船着火了。亨利·卢米斯跳下床去救那条船。这个实验和其他实验帮助阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯展示了情绪的不安是如何改变人类的脑电波的。
阿尔弗雷德·卢米斯后来帮助建立了麻省理工学院的辐射实验室。他帮助开发的雷达新技术将在二战期间被美国和英国用来击败德国。
亨利·斯廷森是卢米斯家族的亲戚。他也是一位顾问和密友。在其他职位中，斯廷森先生曾在赫伯特·胡佛总统时期担任国务卿。斯廷森告诉亨利·卢米斯，他和他的兄弟们是非常幸运的人，他们应该为国家服务，以此来表达感恩。亨利·卢米斯非常重视这些话。
1940年，亨利·卢米斯从马萨诸塞州坎布里奇的哈佛大学辍学，加入了美国海军。由于自己父亲的工作，他学习了有关雷达技术的知识，在海军里，他可以很好的利用这些知识。在海军训练班以第一名成绩毕业后，亨利·卢米斯成为了位于夏威夷的海军雷达训练学院的一名老师。1941年12月，日本轰炸了夏威夷珍珠港的美国海军基地。这一事件标志着美国正式加入第二次世界大战。
战争结束时，亨利·卢米斯因他的贡献获得了许多荣誉，包括一枚青铜星章和一枚航空奖章。他在1946年离开海军开始研究生学习。
那一年，他与第一任妻子玛丽·保罗·麦克劳德结婚。卢米斯先生在加州大学伯克利分校学习物理学。他曾是该校辐射实验室主任欧内斯特·劳伦斯的助理。劳伦斯先生因其在原子核物理学方面的贡献获得了1939年的诺贝尔奖。
后来，亨利·卢米斯搬到了华盛顿特区，开启了他的公共服务生涯的另一个阶段。他曾在国防部和其他机构任职。卢米斯先生还领导着美国情报局的情报和研究办公室。1958年，在德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔总统的领导下，他成为了《美国之音》的负责人。
在环球旅行期间，卢米斯发现英语正在成为一种重要的国际语言。他认为，让母语并非是英语的听众易于听懂《美国之音》的广播是重要的事情。因此，卢米斯先生要求《美国之音》节目经理巴里·兹奥图伊恩开发一种向英语水平有限的听众进行广播的方法。
这一努力的结果就是《慢速英语》。《美国之音》第一次用慢速英语播出是在1959年10月19日。当时的批评人士表示，慢速英语、词汇量有限的特别英语广播方法永远不会奏效。美国大使馆要求取消这个节目，但是卢米斯支持这个节目。
很快，《美国之音》收到了许多听众的信件，他们称赞了这个节目。慢速英语节目成为美国之音最受欢迎的节目之一。我们很高兴地说，我们的节目仍然如此。
亨利·卢米斯在《美国之音》做了其他重要的改善。他在包括利比里亚和菲律宾在内的国家安装了发射机，扩大了美国之音的广播能力。他还决定，《美国之音》需要一份宪章文件来明确其目标和规则。这样的宪章还将正式声明《美国之音》独立于其他政府节目。宪章声明，《美国之音》必须赢得其听众的关注和尊重。
它列出了《美国之音》的目标：制作正确、平衡和广泛的广播节目。展示美国社会、思想和组织的方方面面。森豪威尔总统在离任前批准了该宪章。后来，福特总统于1976年将其签署为法律。
亨利·卢米斯将美国之音宪章比作美国宪法。他认为宪章代表了世界的现实和美国的道德准则。
1965年，亨利·卢米斯从《美国之音》辞职，原因是他在如何报道美国参与越战方面与政府存在分歧。卢米斯认为《美国之音》应诚实地报道越战，而不受林登·约翰逊总统政府的审查。他在《美国之音》总部发表了告别演讲，谈到了他在《美国之音》的工作。
亨利·卢米斯：“在这七年中，《美国之音》发生了怎样的变化？在我看来，最重要的变化是把《美国之音》的使命编入我们的宪章...”
卢米斯也谈到了他帮助带来的节目改变。
亨利·卢米斯：“英语广播已经增加了两倍，而且变得多样化。一种新的语言，《慢速英语》已经被创造出来，为那些英语水平有限、想学英语的听众服务。”
亨利·卢米斯认为，如果《美国之音》节目被要求改变它的新闻和节目，为政府政策的利益服务，那么《美国之音》节目的服务就会变得很差。
亨利·卢米斯：“我认为，如果美国之音能够负责任地、肯定地、不带自我意识地反映出我们的社会是一个由言行一致的自由人组成的社会，那么它就能很好地服务于国家利益。为了有效地做到这一点，我们必须一直做。自由不是个短时间的事情。”
卢米斯谈到了政府出于政治原因对媒体施加的控制。
亨利·卢米斯：“掩盖我们不喜欢的、不符合我们战术目的的东西，是软弱的表现。”
但是他说，承认与政府政策不一致的力量和观点是力量的象征。在演讲的最后，卢米斯跟《美国之音》的同事告了别。
亨利·卢米斯：“和你们一块服务，向你们学习、和你们一块开心是我的荣幸。”
1972年，亨利·卢米斯成为公共广播公司的总裁。这个组织由国会创办，为公共电视台提供资金。大约在这个时候，他娶了第二任妻子杰奎琳·查默斯。卢米斯先生后来隐退到私人生活中。他仍然积极从事他最喜爱的运动——航海和打猎。
亨利·卢米斯于2008年在佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔去世。他享年89岁。他一生都在科学和通信领域做出了有价值的贡献。
我们向他致以崇高的敬意，特别感谢你帮助我们使这个慢速英语节目和其他慢速英语节目成为可能。
译文为可可英语翻译，未经授权请勿转载！
