(单词翻译:单击)
听力文本
I'm Faith Lapidus. And I'm Steve Ember with PEOPLE IN AMERICA in VOA Special English. Today we tell about Betty Friedan. She was a powerful activist for the rights of women. Betty Friedan is often called "the mother of the modern women's liberation movement." Her famous book, "The Feminine Mystique," changed America. Some people say it changed the world. It has been called one of the most influential nonfiction books of the twentieth century. Friedan re-awakened the feminist movement in the United States. That movement had helped women gain the right to vote in the nineteen twenties. Modern feminists disagree about how to describe themselves and their movement. But activists say men and women should have equal chances for economic, social and intellectual satisfaction in life. Fifty years ago, life for women in the United States was very different from today. Very few parents urged their daughters to become lawyers or doctors or professors. Female workers doing the same jobs as men earned much less money. Women often lost their jobs when they had a baby. There were few child-care centers for working parents. Betty Friedan once spoke to ABC television about her support for sharing responsibility for the care of children. "If child-rearing was considered the responsibility of women and men or women and men and society, then we really could pull up our skirts and declare victory and move on." Betty Friedan was born Betty Goldstein in nineteen twenty-one in Peoria, Illinois. Her immigrant father worked as a jeweler. Her mother left her job with a local newspaper to stay home with her family. Betty attended Smith College in Northhampton, Massachusetts. It was one of the country's best colleges for women. She finished her studies in psychology in nineteen forty-two. After college she attended the University of California at Berkeley to continue her studies. Her boyfriend at the time did not want her to get an advanced degree in psychology. He apparently felt threatened by her success. So Betty left California and her boyfriend. She moved to New York City and worked as a reporter and editor for labor union newspapers. In nineteen forty-seven, Betty Goldstein married Carl Friedan, a theater director who later became an advertising executive. They had a child, the first of three. The Friedans were to remain married until nineteen sixty-nine. When Betty Friedan became pregnant for the second time, she was dismissed from her job at the newspaper. After that she worked as an independent reporter for magazines. But her editors often rejected her attempts to write about subjects outside the traditional interests of women. In nineteen fifty-seven, Friedan started research that was to have far-reaching results. Her class at Smith College was to gather for the fifteenth anniversary of their graduation. Friedan prepared an opinion study for the women. She sent questions to the women about their lives. Most who took part in the study did not work outside their homes. Friedan was not completely satisfied with her life. She thought that her former college classmates might also be dissatisfied. She was right. Friedan thought these intelligent women could give a lot to society if they had another identity besides being homemakers. Friedan completed more studies. She talked to other women across the country. She met with experts about the questions and answers. She combined this research with observations and examples from her own life. The result was her book, "The Feminine Mystique," published in nineteen sixty-three. The book attacked the popular idea of the time that women could only find satisfaction through being married, having children and taking care of their home. Friedan believed that women wanted more from life than just to please their husbands and children. The book said women suffered from feelings of lack of worth. Friedan said this was because the women depended on their husbands for economic, emotional and intellectual support. "The Feminine Mystique" was a huge success. It has sold more than three million of copies. It was reprinted in a number of other languages. The book helped change the lives of women in America. More women began working outside the home. More women also began studying traditionally male subjects like law, medicine and engineering.
Betty Friedan expressed the dissatisfaction of some American women during the middle of the twentieth century. But she also made many men feel threatened. Later, critics said her book only dealt with the problems of white, educated, wealthy, married women. It did not study the problems of poor white women, single women or minorities. In nineteen sixty-six, Betty Friedan helped establish NOW, the National Organization for Women. She served as its first president. She led campaigns to end unfair treatment of women seeking jobs. "We are now strong enough ourselves to see men not as bread winners, not as instruments, not as sex objects, not as enemies, not as stereotypes, but human beings, our brothers." Friedan also worked on other issues. She wanted women to have the choice to end their pregnancies. She wanted to create child-care centers for working parents. She wanted women to take part in social and political change. Betty Friedan once spoke about her great hopes for women in the nineteen seventies. "Liberating ourselves, we will then become a major political force, perhaps the biggest political force for basic social and political change in America in the seventies." Betty Friedan led a huge demonstration in New York City for women's rights. Demonstrations were also held in other cities. A half-million women took part in the Women's Strike for Equality on August twenty-sixth, nineteen seventy. The day marked the fiftieth anniversary of American women gaining the right to vote. A year after the march, Friedan helped establish the National Women's Political Caucus. She said the group got started "to make policy, not coffee." She said America needed more women in public office if women were to gain equal treatment. Friedan wanted a national guarantee of that equal treatment. She worked tirelessly to get Congress and the states to approve an amendment to the United States Constitution that would provide equal rights for women. The House of Representatives approved this Equal Rights Amendment in nineteen seventy-one. The Senate approved it the following year. Thirty-eight of the fifty state legislatures were required to approve the amendment. Congress set a time limit of seven years for the states to approve it. This was extended to June thirtieth, nineteen eighty-two. However, only thirty-five states approved the amendment by the deadline so it never went into effect. The defeat of the E.R.A. was a sad event for Betty Friedan, NOW, and other activists. In nineteen eighty-one, Betty Friedan wrote about the condition of the women's movement. Her book was called "The Second Stage." Friedan wrote that the time for huge demonstrations and other such events had passed. She urged the movement to try to increase its influence on American political life. Some younger members of the movement denounced her as too conservative. As she grew older, Friedan studied conditions for older Americans. She wrote a book called "The Fountain of Age" in nineteen ninety-three. She wrote that society often dismisses old people as no longer important or useful. Friedan's last book was published in two thousand. She was almost eighty years old at the time. Its title was "Life So Far." Betty Friedan died on February fourth, two thousand six. It was her eighty-fifth birthday. Betty Friedan once told a television reporter how she wanted to be remembered. "She helps make it better for women to feel good about being women, and therefore she helped make it possible for women to more freely love men."
重点解析
1.pull up 拉起
That is simple.I can pull up my shirt.
很简单，我能拉起的我衬衫。
2.take part in参与
Students should do surveys, visit museums, take part in charity work and hand in reports for teachers to decide on their marks.
学生应该通过做调查，参观博物馆，参加公益劳动，上交给老师的这些活动的报告，决定他们的成绩。
3.deal with 处理
The reason why many people fail in life is because of how they deal with these challenges.
为什么许多人生活过得不好的原因是由于他们如何处理这些挑战。
4.go into effect生效
Every five years since the NPT went into effect in 1970, the review conference evaluates its operation and implementation.
自条约于1970年生效以来，每五年举行一次审议大会，评估条约的运作与执行情况。
5.work tirelessly不知疲倦
As our country’s first Chinese-American governor, he worked tirelessly to attract jobs and businesses to Washington State, and he doubled exports to China.
作为我国第一位华裔州长，他为了增加华盛顿州的就业和商务机会而不知疲倦地工作，把对中国的出口提高一倍。
6.make it possible使成为可能
He has investigated the technicalities of "the creation of universes in the laboratory", and concluded that the laws of physics do, in principle, make it possible.
他已经研究过了“在实验室创造宇宙”这个问题的学术性，而且得出结论称物理定律使得这个问题在原则上的确是可能的。
参考译文
我是菲丝·拉伯蒂思，我是史蒂夫·恩伯。这里是VOA慢速英语栏目《美国人物志》。今天我们讲述贝蒂·弗里丹的故事。她是一名强大的妇女权利活动家。人们经常称贝蒂·弗里丹为“现代妇女解放运动之母”。她有名的著作《女性的奥秘》改变了美国，有些人认为这本著作改变了世界。人们称这本书为20世纪最有影响力的非小说类书籍之一。弗里丹重新唤醒了美国的女权主义运动。那场运动曾在20世纪20年代帮助美国女性获得选举权。现代女权主义者们在如何定义女性和他们的女权主义运动上存在分歧。但是活动家们认为，在生活里，男性和女性应在经济、社会和智力的满足感方面享有平等的机会。五十年前的美国女性生活和现在大不相同。在那时，很少有父母敦促他们的女儿成为律师、医生或教授。和男性工人做同样工作的女性工人挣的钱要比男性少很多。当女性有小孩的时候他们常常就失业了。当时社会上有很少的为双职工父母设立的儿童保育中心。贝蒂·弗里丹曾在美国广播公司电视节目里说，她支持男人、女人、社会共同承担照顾儿童的责任。“如果人们能将抚养子女视为男人、女人或男人、女人和社会的责任，那么我们就真的可以掀起我们的裙子，宣布胜利，并且继续向前走下去。”贝蒂·弗里丹于1921年出生在伊利诺斯州的皮奥里亚，她原名叫贝蒂·戈德斯坦。她的父亲是移民，做珠宝商的工作，她的母亲从当地报纸的一份工作离职，在家陪着家人。贝蒂曾就读于马萨诸塞州诺思汉普顿的史密斯学院。这个学院是全美最好的女子学院。1942年，主修心理学的她完成了自己的学业。毕业后，她去了加州大学伯克利分校继续自己的学业。她当时的男朋友不想让她在心理学专业上获得更高的学位。她的男友明显感到贝蒂的成功威胁到了自己，所以贝蒂离开了自己的男友，离开了加利福尼亚州。她去了纽约，在工会报社担任记者和编辑一职。在1947年，贝蒂嫁给了戏剧导演卡尔·弗里丹，他后来成为了一名广告经理。他们夫妇生了三个孩子中的第一个孩子，他们的婚姻维持到1969年。贝蒂怀有第二个孩子的时候，报社领导解雇了她。在那之后，她在杂志社做独立记者的工作。但是，贝蒂的编辑常常拒绝她以女性传统兴趣之外的话题写作的尝试。在1957年，弗里丹开始了一项具有深远意义的研究。当时，她在史密斯学院的班级要组织毕业15年聚会。弗里丹为此准备了一个针对女性的民意调查。她向这些妇女提出有关她们生活的问题。参加这项研究的大所数人在家庭之外并没有工作。弗里丹对自己的生活并不是完全满意。她觉得她在学院的同学可能也是如此。她的想法是对的。弗里丹后来完成了更多的研究。她和全国各地的女性进行了交流。她带着自己的问题和答案去找了专家。她将调研的结果和自己生活中的观察和事例进行了结合。这就是她的著作《女性的奥秘》的来源，这本书于1963年出版。她的著作抨击了当时的关于女性的流行观点，就是女性只能通过结婚、生子和照顾家人获得满足感。弗里丹认为女性在生活中，除了仅仅取悦自己的丈夫和子女外还想要更多东西 书中指出女性因缺乏价值感而遭受着折磨。弗里丹认为这是因为女性在经济、情感、智力支持方面依赖着她们的老公。《女性的奥秘》这本书取得了巨大的成功。其销售量超过了300万本。这本书又以其他几种语言再度出版，它改变了美国女性的生活。更多的女性在家庭之外找到了工作。跟多的女性开始学习传统的男性学科，比如法学、医学、工程学。贝蒂·弗里丹表达了20世纪中期美国女性的不满足感。但是贝蒂·弗里丹让很多男人感受到了威胁，后来评论家称她的书仅仅讨论的是受过良好教育的、富有的白人已婚妇女的问题。书中并没有研究贫穷的白人女性、单身女性或少数族裔的问题。1996年，贝蒂·弗里丹帮助建立了现在的全国妇女组织。她担任了组织的首届主席。她多次引导了停止女性寻求工作的不公正待遇的活动。“我们现在已经足够强大，可以不再把男性视为面包赢家、工具、性交对象、敌人等刻板印象，而是把男性视为人类，我们的兄弟。”弗里丹也参与解决过其他的问题，她想要女人拥有堕胎的选择。她想为双职工父母建立儿童保育中心。她想让女性参与到社会政治变革当中。贝蒂·弗里丹在20世纪七十年代谈到过她对女性持有的远大抱负 解放我们自己吧，我们将成为一股强大的政治力量，也许会成为20世70年代美国基本社会政治变革的最主要的政治力量。贝蒂·弗里丹在纽约领导了一场大型的女性权利游行。在其他城市也举行了游行，在1970年8月26日，有50万女性参与了争取平等的罢工。这天是美国女性获得选举权的50周年纪念日。在这场游行后一年，弗里丹帮助建立了全国妇女政治党团会议。她说，建立这个组织是为了“制定政策而不是做咖啡”。她认为如果美国女性想获得更多平等对待的话，需要更多女性担任公职职位。弗里丹想要一个男女享有公平对待的全国保证。她不辞辛苦的劝说国会和美国各州通过一项为女性提供平等权利的宪法修正案。美国众议院于1971年通过了这个平等权利修正案。参议员在接下来的一年通过了这个修正案。并要求50个州议会中的38个都通过这项修正案。国会给了各州七年的时间来通过这个修正案，截止时间为1982年6月30号。但是在截止期限，只有35各州通过了这个修正案，所以它从没有实施。没能通过平等权利修正案对贝蒂·弗里丹和其他的活动家来说是个悲伤的事情。1981年，贝蒂·弗里丹写作了关于女权活动的状况。这本书叫做《第二阶段》。在书中她写道，进行大型游行和其他类似活动的时代已经结束。弗里丹敦促女权运动应该试着增加其在美国政治生活中的影响力。有些较为年轻的成员谴责她过于保守。随着年龄增长，弗里丹研究了美国老年人的生活状况。1993年她写了一本叫《生命之泉》的书。在书中她写道，人们经常觉得老年人不再重要或者没有用了。弗里丹的最后一本书出版于2000年，当时她已经快80岁了。这本书叫《迄今为止的生活》。贝蒂·弗里丹于2006年2月4日去世，那天是她85岁的生日。贝蒂·弗里丹曾告诉一名电视记者她想如何被世人铭记。她使女性因作为一名女性而感觉良好的情况变得更好，因此她帮助女性更加自由地去爱男人。
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