It was never easy to give the correct answer. When the Emperor happened to be a man of energy and was sufficiently well provided with money to organise an army, he was very apt to cross the Alps and march on Rome, besiege the Pope in his own palace if need be, and force His Holiness to obey the imperial instructions or suffer the consequences.
给出正确的答案真是挺困难的。有时皇帝碰巧是位精力充沛的政治强人，又有充足的财源用来组织一支强大的军队，那他便大可以越过阿尔卑斯山向罗马进军，把教皇的宫殿围个密不透风（这要视需要而定），最终迫使教皇陛下服从帝国的指示，否则就要自食其果。
But more frequently the Pope was the stronger. Then the Emperor or the King together with all his subjects was excommunicated. This meant that all churches were closed, that no one could be baptised, that no dying man could be given absolution-in short, that half of the functions of mediaeval government came to an end.
但更多的情形是教皇方面更强大。于是，这位敢于违抗教旨的皇帝或国王，连同他的全部无罪国民，将被一起开除教籍，逐出教会。这意味着要关闭境内所有教堂，人们不能受洗，也没有神父给垂死之人举行临终忏悔，下地狱将成为必然的事情。一句话，中世纪政府的一半职能都被取消了。
More than that, the people were absolved from their oath of loyalty to their sovereign and were urged to rebel against their master. But if they followed this advice of the distant Pope and were caught, they were hanged by their near-by Lege Lord and that too was very unpleasant.
更糟的是，教皇还免除了人们对其君主的效忠宣誓，鼓励他们起来反抗"叛教"的主人。可人们若是真的遵从了教皇陛下的指示，而被近处的国王抓住，等待他们的将是绞刑架。这也不是一件可以闹着玩的事情。
Indeed, the poor fellows were in a difficult position and none fared worse than those who lived during the latter half of the eleventh century, when the Emperor Henry IV of Germany and Pope Gregory VII fought a two-round battle which decided nothing and upset the peace of Europe for almost fifty years.
事实上，教皇与皇帝的对抗一旦发生，普通人民的处境将会变得相当艰难。而最倒霉的，莫过于那些生活在公元11世纪下半叶的人们。当时的德国国王亨利四世和教皇格利高里七世打了两场不分胜负的战役，非但没解决任何问题，倒使欧洲陷入混乱达50年之久。
In the middle of the eleventh century there had been a strong movement for reform in the church. The election of the Popes, thus far, had been a most irregular affair. It was to the advantage of the Holy Roman Emperors to have a well-disposed priest elected to the Holy See. They frequently came to Rome at the time of election and used their influence for the benefit of one of their friends.
在11世纪中期，教会内部出现了激烈的改革运动。当时，教皇的产生方式还极不正规。对神圣罗马帝国的皇帝来说，他当然希望把一位易于相处、对帝国抱有好感的教士送上教廷的宝座。因此每逢选举教皇的时候，皇帝们总是亲临罗马，运用他们的影响力，为自己的朋友捞取利益。