But the underlying causes of the decay of the State, of which I have told you in a former chapter, had not been removed and reform therefore was impossible.
不过正如我在上一章讲过的，罗马帝国的根基已经锈蚀，造成它衰败的深层原因从未被弄清楚，因此任什么改革都不能挽救其注定灭亡的命运。
Rome was, first and last and all the time, a city-state as Athens and Corinth had been city-states in ancient Hellas. It had been able to dominate the Italian peninsula. But Rome as the ruler of the entire civilised world was a political impossibility and could not endure. Her young men were killed in her endless wars. Her farmers were ruined by long military service and by taxation. They either became professional beggars or hired themselves out to rich landowners who gave them board and lodging in exchange for their services and made them "serfs," those unfortunate human beings who are neither slaves nor freemen, but who have become part of the soil upon which they work, like so many cows, and the trees.
从根本上说，罗马首先且一直是一个城邦，跟古希腊的雅典或科林斯并无多大区别。它有足够的能力主宰整个意大利半岛。可要作整个文明世界的统治者，罗马从政治上说是不合格的，从实力上讲是无法承受的。它的年轻人大多数死于常年的战争。它的农民被沉重的军役和赋税拖垮，不是沦为职业乞丐，就是受雇于富有的庄园主，以劳动换取食宿，成为依附于富人们的"农奴"。这些不幸的农民既非奴隶，也不是自由 民，他们像树木和牲畜一样，成为他们所侍奉的那块土地上的附属品，终身无法离开。
The Empire, the State, had become everything. The common citizen had dwindled down to less than nothing. As for the slaves, they had heard the words that were spoken by Paul. They had accepted the message of the humble carpenter of Nazareth. They did not rebel against their masters. On the contrary, they had been taught to be meek and they obeyed their superiors. But they had lost all interest in the affairs of this world which had proved such a miserable place of abode. They were willing to fight the good fight that they might enter into the Kingdom of Heaven.
帝国的荣耀是最高目标。国家意味着一切，普通公民则什么也不是。至于悲惨的奴隶，他们兴奋地倾听保罗宣讲的言辞，接受了那位谦卑的拿撒勒木匠所散布的福音。他们并不反抗自己的主人，相反，他们被教导要温 柔顺从，尽力遵照主人的意旨行事。不过，既然眼前的世界无非是一个悲惨的寄身之所，不能有所改进，奴隶们也就全然丧失了对现世的兴趣。他们宁愿"打那美好的仗"，为进人天堂乐土而倾力付出。