Chapter 17
第十七章
The Greek Theater
古希腊的戏剧
The Origins of the theater, the first form of public amusement
人类第一种公共娱乐形式---戏剧的起源
At a very early stage of their history the Greeks had begun to collect the poems, which had been written in honor of their brave ancestors who had driven the Pelasgians out of Hellas and had destroyed the power of Troy. These poems were recited in public and everybody came to listen to them. But the theatre, the form of entertainment which has become almost a necessary part of our own lives, did not grow out of these recited heroic tales. It had such a curious origin that I must tell you something about it in a separate chapter.
从很早开始，古希腊人便开始采集歌颂其英勇先祖的诗歌。这些诗歌讲述了他们的先祖把皮拉斯基人逐出希腊半岛以及摧毁特洛伊城的丰功伟绩。行吟诗人走村串户，当众朗诵这些诗歌，每个人都出来聆听。可是，作为我们当代日常生活中必不可少的娱乐形式之一的戏剧，却不是起源于这些当众吟诵的史诗。它的起源奇妙无比，因此我想单独用一章的篇幅来给你讲述这个故事。
The Greeks had always been fond of parades. Every year they held solemn processions in honor of Dionysos the God of the wine. As everybody in Greece drank wine (the Greeks thought water only useful for the purpose of swimming and sailing) this particular Divinity was as popular as a God of the Soda-Fountain would be in our own land.
古希腊人向来喜欢游行。每年他们都会举行盛大游行来赞美与敬奉酒神狄俄尼索斯。希腊人好饮葡萄酒（他们认为水的用处仅止于游泳与航海），因此这位酒神大受欢迎。我想，如果我们这个时代有汽水饮料之神，他也会受到同样的待遇。
And because the Wine-God was supposed to live in the vineyards, amidst a merry mob of Satyrs (strange creatures who were half man and half goat), the crowd that joined the procession used to wear goat-skins and to hee-haw like real billy-goats. The Greek word for goat is "tragos" and the Greek word for singer is "oidos."
希腊人认为这位酒神是住在葡萄园里的，终日与一群名为萨堤罗斯的半人半羊的怪物一起，过着快乐而放纵的生活。因此，参加游行的人们惯常披着羊皮，发出咩咩的叫声，像真正的公羊。在希腊语里，山羊写法为"tragos"，而歌手则拼作"oidos"。