19.The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution, ”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

【分析】复合句。主句主干为The southern states would not have signed the Constitution；介词结构including a clause…对peculiar institution作进一步的解释，其中that引导的定语从句修饰clause。本句中用到了虚拟语气，would not have signed表达的是与过去亊实相反的假设，介词短语without protections for the "peculiar institution”表达了隐含的条件，相当于if they had not had protections for the "peculiar institution"。

【译文】如果不保护他们的“特殊制度”，南方各州是不会签署联邦宪法的。“特殊制度”中有一条规定：在选举国会代表时，一个奴隶可算作五分之三个公民。

【点拨】1)clause常见的意思为“分句，从句”，本句中意为“（法律、合同等的）条款，款项”。2)for purposes of“为了…...”。

【临摹】这幅画只是为了说明起见。

with或without表达隐含条件的用法

with或without在句中作状语，可以表示真实的条件，也可以表示虚拟的条件，理解为“如果...”或“若是没有…”。 例如：Without his help, I don’t know how to get started.没有他的帮助，我无从下手（真实的条件）。Without your help, we could not have completed the task ahead of time. = If it had not been for your help…若是没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成任务(非真实条件)。

20.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow in the victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.

【分析】简单句。句子主干为The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory。介词短语in the presidential...作状语，其中包含by引导的方式状语。

【译文】3/5代表权的规定让选举团中支持杰弗逊的南方各州的人数增多，使杰弗逊在1800年的总统选举中以微弱优势胜出。

【点拨】l)hand sb. sth.本意为“递给某人某物”，本句中引申为“帮助某人获得某物”的意思。2)narrow victory意为“险胜，以微弱优势获胜”。3)inflate作及物动词时，原意为“使充气；使通货膨胀”，本句中意为“使大量增加”。

临摹答案

13. Americans are the tallest on average in the world.

14. A strong man will struggle with storms of fate.

15. sI cannot totally take your point, but by and large I think yours is reasonable.

17. Her success was in part due to luck.

19. This picture is for purposes of illustration only.