All federal judges are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate.
所有联邦法官都是由总统任命并经由参议院批准通过。
Federal judges hold their office for life, subject to impeachment by Congress.
联邦法官为终身制，但国会可以对其弹劾。
They have authority to interpret the Constitution, all federal statutes, treaties, and federal administrative rules,
他们有权解释宪法、所有联邦法规、条约和联邦行政规则，
but their authority is limited to actual cases and controversies. U.S. Const. art. Ⅲ, sec. 2, cl. 1.
但是根据宪法第三章第二节第一款，他们的权力局限在实际案例和争议中。
The federal courts do not provide advisory opinions.
联邦法庭不提供咨询性的意见.
The federal courts also have authority to naturalize persons as U.S. citizens and to settle certain legal disputes,
他们也有权力准许个人入美国国籍和解决某些法律纠纷。
such as: between citizens of different states; between two or more states;
比如：州居民之间的；两个或更多个州之间的；
between individual and the federal government; between states and the federal government; and, between states and foreign governments.
个人和联邦政府之间的；各州和联邦政府之间的；还有，各州和外国政府之间的。