3.4 Trial

3.4 审理

Most civil cases brought in American courts, federal or state, do not go to trial.

在美国法院，无论是联邦法院或是州法院，大多数民事案件不会正式开庭审理，

The vast majority of cases are settled out of court or may be disposed of by a pretrial motion.

一般都在庭外解决或经审前动议而撤销。

For those cases which do proceed to a trial on the merits, they may either be conducted before a jury of 6-12 individuals, or before a single judge.

如果有些案件需依法定程序开庭审理，该案件可以由6-12人组成的陪审团审理，也可以由法官单独审理。

3.5 Appeal

3.5 上诉

A final order is formed when the issues of a particular case is finally determined.

当法院最终对案件的争议问题做出裁决时，即形成最后命令。

Appeals may be taken from final orders of either state trial courts or federal district courts.

州初审法院和联邦地区法院的最后命令均可以被上诉。

In some instances, appeals may be taken from non-final or interlocutory order.

在许多情况下，也可以就非最终命令或中间命令提起上诉。