5.Jury

5.陪审团

As indicated earlier, in the United States, there are two separate and independent court systems.

如前文所示，在美国有两个独立的法院体制：

The first consists of the courts of the United States, known as the federal courts;

一个是联邦法院，由美利坚合众国的法院组成；

the second is the judicial system of each separate state of the United States, known as the state courts.

一个是州法院，每个州都有各自的司法体制。

Although each system is structured to handle different types of cases, there is much overlap.

虽然联邦法院和州法院各自处理不同类型的案件，但是有许多重叠的地方。

Both, as a matter of constitutional right, grant to parties involved in most civil litigation,

作为一种宪法权利，两种体制都赋予大部分民事诉讼的当事人,

the right to demand that the case be tried and determined by a jury composed of 6~12 citizens.

要求案件由陪审团审理并裁决的权利。陪审团由6~12人组成。

Most of such individual jurors have no background of legal training,

大多数陪审员没有经过法律培训,

and rely upon instructions given to them by a judge stating the law to be applied to the case and answer questions of guilt or innocence, liability or non-liability.

他们依赖法官向他们解释适用于该案件的法律，并回答有罪或无罪、有责任或没有责任的问题。