Oktoberfest
慕尼黑啤酒节
Oktoberfest is a sixteen-day festival held each year in Munich, Germany during late September (and running to early October). It is one of the most famous events in Germany and the world’s largest fair, with some six million people attending every year, and is an enjoyable event with an important part of Bavarian culture. Other cities across the world also hold Oktoberfest celebrations, modeled after the Munich event.
德国慕尼黑每年在9月下旬到10月初举行为期16天的啤酒节。这是德国最有名的节日之一,也是世界上最大的展销会之一。每年约有600万人参加啤酒节。它是一个带有浓烈巴伐利亚风情的娱乐节日。世界各地的其他城市也效仿慕尼黑举办啤酒节。
The Munich Oktoberfest, traditionally, takes place during the sixteen days up to and including the first Sunday in October In 1994, the schedule was modified in response to German reunification so that if the first Sunday in October falls on the 1st or 2nd, then the festival will go on until October 3 (German Unity Day). Thus, the festival is now 17 days when the 1st Sunday is October 2 and 18 days when it is October 1. The festival is held on an area named the Theresienwiese (field, or meadow, of Therese), often called D，Wiesn for short.
按照以前的传统，慕尼黑啤酒节举行16天，要持续进行到10月的第一个星期日。该方案于1994年被修改,用以回应德国的统一。因此，如果10月的第一个星期日恰逢1日或2日，那么啤酒节将持续到10月3日（德国统一日所以,当第一个星期日是10月2日时举行17 天,是10月1日时举行18天。啤酒节在一个名为Theresienwiese(意 为Therese之地或草地）的地方举行,通常简称其为DWiesn.
Since 1950，there has been a traditional festival opening: A twelve gun salute and the tapping of the first keg of Oktoberfest beer at 12:00 by the incumbent Mayor of Munich with the cry “O’zapfl is!”（“It’s tapped!” in the Austro-Bavarian dialect) opens the Oktoberfest. The first mayor to tap the keg was Thomas Wimmer.
啤酒节开幕传统始于1950年：中午12点在人们髙喊“O’zapft is! ” (在巴伐利亚方言中意为“打开它”)声中，时任慕尼黑市长开启第一桶啤酒节啤酒，并鸣放12响礼炮,以此宣布啤酒节开始。第一个 开启啤酒桶的市长是托马斯温默。
By 1960, the Oktoberfest had turned into an enormous world-famous festival. After this foreigners began to picture Germans as wearing the Sennerhut, Lederhosen, and the girls in Dirndl. Horse races ended in 1960.
到1960年4慕尼黑啤酒节已经变成了一个在世界上享有盛名的节日。在此之后，外国人开始拍穿Sermerhut、皮裤的德国男人和穿Dimdl的德国女孩。跑马比赛在1%0年结束。
The Oktoberfest is known as the Largest Volksfest (People’s Fair) in the World. In 1999 there were six and a half million visitors to the 42 hectare Theresienwiese. 72% of the people are from Bavaria. 15% of visitors come from foreign countries like the surrounding EU-coimtries and other non-European countries including the United States, Canada, India, Japan, Brazil and Australia.
慕尼黑啤酒节被认为是世界上最大的啤酒节(人们的展销会)。 在1999年,有650万游客来到占地面积达42公顷的Theresienwiese。其中72%的游客来自巴伐利亚,15%的观众来自周边的欧洲国家和其他非欧洲国家，这其中包括 美国、加拿大、印度、日本、巴西和澳大利亚。
Nearly 1,000 tons of refuse result annually from the Oktoberfest. The mountains of refuse created are hauled away and the ways cleanly washed down each morning. The cleaning is paid for in part by the city of Munich and in part by the sponsors.
每年的啤酒节产生近1000吨垃圾。垃圾清理和道路打扫工作都在每天清早完成。淸洁费由慕尼黑市和赞助商共同支付。
After 2004 the queues for toilets became so long that the police had to regulate the entrance. To keep traffic moving through the restrooms, men headed for the toilets were directed to the “Pissoir” (giant enclosed grate) if they only needed to urinate. The number of toilets was increased in 2005 by 20%. Now approximately 1,800 toilets and urinals are available.
自2004年起,厕所门前大排长龙以至于需要出动瞀察维持人口秩序。为了保证卫生间周围的交通，只是要小解的男人都被指引到“Pissoir” (大型封闭隔间)去。2005年厕所数量增长了 20%。现在,大约有1800间厕所和小便池可供使用，
Many Oktoberfest guests visit the quiet stalls in order to use their cell phones. For this reason it was planned in the year 2005 to install a Faraday cage around the toilets and to prevent telephoning with a mobile telephone. However, such constructions are not certified in Germany, and so instead signs were placed warning toilet users not to use cell phones in the stalls.
许多参加啤酒节的游客会在安静隔间里使用手机。为此，在2005年的啤酒节上,相关人员打算在厕所周围安装法拉第网屏蔽手机信号来解决使用手机的问题。但德国不批准这种做法，因此他们改用蓍示标志告诫上厕所的人不要在隔间里使用手机。
Even with the availability of toilets, it is not uncommon to see many inebriated guests urinating on the small hills and trees surrounding the grounds.
即便提供厕所，酒醉游客在小山或平地树丛中小便的现象还是屡见不鲜。
Oktoberfest beer mugs (1-litre-Steins, Markrug in German) are made from heavy glass and typically have a decorative brewery logo on the side，thus making them very popular souvenirs among visitors. Although it is strictly forbidden to steal the mugs, they can be purchased in the tents at a reasonable price. Buyers are strongly advised to keep the receipts because police are known to search them for stolen mugs even away from the fest area. When police catch someone stealing a mug, the thieves may be fined up to 50. In addition, there is a general Oktoberfest souvenir mug which shows each year’s Oktoberfest poster. This one is made of clay instead of glass and is available with a pewter lid.
啤酒节用的啤酒杯(容量一升的啤酒杯，德国Markrug造)是由重玻璃制成的,侧面通常装饰有一个啤酒厂标识,从而使它们成为深受游客喜爱的纪念品。虽然严禁偷杯子,但可以在帐篷里以合理的价格购买到。买家被强烈建议保留收据，因为警察甚至会到啤酒节举办地外的地区搜寻被盗酒杯。若被曹察抓到偷窃酒杯,偷杯者将被处以髙达50欧元的罚款。此外，还有一种普通的慕尼黑啤酒节纪念杯，上面有每年啤酒节的海报。这种酒杯是用粘土而不是玻璃制的，并附有一个锡盖.