Welfare and social insurance —Who should get swine-flu vaccination first
社会福利和社保——谁应该先注射甲流疫苗

World health officials are carefully watching the H IN 1/09 swine-flu virus as it makes its way through the Southern Hemisphere, which is currently in the thick of its flu season. They are particularly interested in seeing how severely the virus affects infected people in parts of Africa, South America and Australia, since their illnesses could be a good predictor of how aggressive the virus will be when flu season returns to the rest of the world in the fall.
H1N1/09型甲流病毒传播到了南半球,使该地域目前处于流感髙发季节。世界卫生组织官员正对此进行密切观察，希望能预测到病毒会对非洲、南美和澳大利亚地区的人们造成多大的影响。这是官员们迫切需要解决的问题,因为这些地区的病情将能很准确地 预测到流感季节(秋季)重回时世界各地疫情的严重情况.
So far, the H IN 1/09 flu appears to be mild overall and treatable with existing antiviral therapies. But given that the virus continues to cause some serious cases of illness and death, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) isn’t taking any chances. On Wednesday, July 29, the agency called an urgent meeting of its Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices，which decides who gets vaccinated against which diseases and when. The committee was asked to generate guidelines for H1N1/09 vaccination, if and when the agency determines that such immunizations become necessary, in addition to those for seasonal flu.
到目前为止,H1N1/09型流感病毒似乎是温和的，并且可以用 现有的抗病毒治疗方法治愈。但鉴于该病毒继续导致一些严重的病例和死亡案例，美国疾病预防控制中心(CDCP)在防治上没有心存任何侥幸。7月29日星期三,该机构紧急召开免疫措施咨询委员会会议,决定哪些人该在何时获得抵御哪种疾病的疫苗。如果当疾病预防控制中心认定接种疫苗变成必要，委员会要制定出关于接种H1N1/09型流感和其他流感疫苗的指导方针。
The 15-member panel of doctors, scientists, vaccine experts, public-health officials and a citizen representative came up with five core populations they believe should receive the first wave of HIN 1/09 immunization. These include pregnant women, people living in households with babies under 6 months old (since infants cannot be immunized, they must be protected by preventing illness in those around them), emergency medical personnel who are likely to be in contact with infected patients, young people between 6 months and 24 years old, and non-elderly individuals who have underlying conditions, such as asthma, respiratory illness or a compromised immune system, that put them at higher risk of flu convocations.
这个15人的小组由医生、科学家、疫苗专家、公共卫生官员和公民代表组成，提出了他们认为的应该首先接种H1N1/09疫苗的5类核心人群。这些人包括孕妇,家中有6个月以下婴儿的家庭成员（因为婴儿不能接种,必须通过防止周围的人生病来预防）,可能跟受感染病人接触的急诊医护人员，6个月至24岁间的年轻人,或患有如哮喘、呼吸系统疾病或破坏免疫系统等能够增加患较离流感并发症风险的非老年人.
Notably absent from the target list are the elderly, those over age 65, who are generally considered a high-risk group when it comes to seasonal infiuenza. Based on the pmlattons who were handest hit by HIN1/09 last spring, first in Mexico and then across other continents, CDCP experts believe that the elderly will not be asvulnerable to HIN1/09 in the fail as younger adults might be. In fact, health officials have relegated the elderly to the bade of the line for HXN1/09 vaccinations after the five target groups have received tiieir shots, the next eligible group would be younger, healthy adults who have no underlying medical conditions that would complicate the flu. Only after those peculations have been inoculated would the elderly be permitted to receive vaccination. “People who are 65 and over are at high risk of influenza complications from seasonal influenza,” Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the CDCP’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, told reporters on Wednesday. “It’s important that they get the seasonal-flu shot. But the H1N1 outbreaks have so far spared that population. So I would tell them that their risk of illness from this virus is very low compared to that of younger people."
值得注意的是，目标名单上没有年龄超过65岁的老年人,他们普遑被认为是流惑季节里的髙危人群的老人。根据去年春天从墨西哥爆发再传到世界各地的H1N1/09流感中感染严重的人群情况，疾病预防控制中心的专家认为，在秋季的H1N1/09型流感中,年轻人容易被感染而并非是老年人。事实上,卫生官员巳经把老年人放到接种H1N1/09型流感病毒疫苗名单的后面，在五大目标群体之后的是比他们年轻的、未患有可能将流感病情复杂化疾病的成年人。只有在这些人群接种后, 老年人才被允许接受疫苗注射。疾病预防控制中心的全国免疫和呼吸系统疾病中心主任安妮斯图查特博士周三对记者说:“65岁以上的老年人是季节性流感的高危人群,给他们注射季节性流感疫苗很重要,但他们迄今在H1N1流感的爆发中未受影响。所以我告诉他们,他们患这种病的风险比年轻人低得多。”
That could still change, but at least for now, says Schuchat local and state health authorities will have some guidelines for deciding who should get vaccinated if it becomes necessary. That could be useful since initial lots of the vaccine, which will have to be given in two doses, may not be sufficient to vaccinate everyone who wants it; some targetting of the first shots will be necessary. Manufacturers around the world are currently preparing and testing vaccines the first are expected to be ready in October but Schuchat stressed on Wednesday that the CDCP has not yet decided whether it will recommend HIN 1/09 vaccination at all.
斯图査特说这情况有可能会改变，但至少到目前为止,如果变得必要,地方和国家卫生机构会为谁该注射疫苗制定出指导方针。这可能是有益的，因为初步研制的大部分疫苗必须要注射两剂，可能不够给所有希望注射的人用,注射第一针非常重要。世界各地的制造商目前正在准备和测 试疫苗，第一批疫苗估计在10月完成。但斯图查特周三强调，疾病预防控制中心还没有决定是否推荐接种H1N1/09型流感病毒疫苗。