BBC纪录片《凡尔赛宫》精讲第14期:路易十四始终未能解决的问题
日期:2012-04-10 10:15

(单词翻译:单击)

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Louis' restless pursuit of glory and magnificence
路易对荣耀与宏伟的无尽追求
found expression in the gardens of Versailles.
体现在凡尔赛宫的花园里
But even the King could notchange
但即使是国王
the geography of a region
也无法改变
that was critically short of running water
一个地区缺少活水的事实
to power the hundreds of new fountains
由此勒诺特尔建造的数百喷泉
that Le Notre had installed.
无法真正使用
And so, when the King took a stroll,
所以当国王散步时
his gardeners had to turn the fountains on as he approached.
园丁便在他接近时打开喷泉
And then off again once he had walked past.
再在他离开时关闭
The problem of getting supplies
寻找湍急高压的水源
of fast running, high-pressure water
非常困难
were never adequately solved.
这个问题从未被真正解决
Variousattemptswere made to find alternative sources
人们屡次尝试在远处
from quite far away from Versailles.
寻找水源
The celebrated Machine of Marly
著名的马利水机
was a series of vast water wheels
由一系列大水轮组成
which were intended to bring water up from the Seine
能将塞纳河水
and deliver it to the Palace of Versailles.
运送至凡尔赛宫
This provided water but not enough...
但水量远远不够
The great and final scheme involved building
最终的宏大计划包括
a full scale Roman-style aqueduct.
建造一道完整的罗马式渡槽
This was abandoned as being too expensive and the result,
但计划后来夭折 因为花销巨大
of course, was that the great gardens of Versailles never
结果凡尔赛的花园从未
had enough water to drive all the fountains simultaneously.
获得足够水源来同时开启喷泉
重点讲解
一.change:n. 变化,零钱 v. 改变
【词义辨析】
change, alter, vary, convert, modify, transform, turn,
change: 指任何变化,完全改变,强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
alter: 常指轻微的改变,强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。
vary: 暗示不规则或断断续续地变。
convert: 指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时,强调较激烈、大的改变。
modify: 强调起限定作用的变化或变更。指细小的变化,常含“缓和、降调”的意味。
transform: 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化,失去原状成为全新的东西。
turn: 指外形、颜色、气味、性质等方面的变化,比change更通俗。
【词语用法】
1.change作“改变”时,是指“换走”,不是指“换来”。表示将旧帽子换新,应说change the old cap(for a new one)。不说change a new cap;
2.change常以复数形式出现。
We have to change trains at York.
3.在一些表达方式里,change前面不加a/the,如a change of address,a change of name,a change of scene,a change of subject等;
4.change of air指“移地疗养”,前面一般加a,也可不加;
5.change在指“零钱”或“找头”时,作不可数名字,前面不加a;
6.change作动词指“换上衣服”时,后通常接介词into连用。
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句:Having taken off his clothes,he changed his new shirt.
纠正:Having taken off his clothes,he changed into his new shirt.
翻译:他脱下衣服,换了套新的西装。
分析:change作动词指“换上衣服”时,后通常接介词into连用。
【例句用法】
1.Can you change a five-pound note?
你能换开五英镑的票子吗?
2.Her expression changed when she heard the news.
她听到这一消息时表情就变了。
3.In autumn the leaves change from green to brown.
秋天树叶由绿色变成黄褐色。
4.How much have you got in change?
你有多少零钱?
5.If we are to avoid defeat we need a change of leadership.
我们要避免失败的话,就要换掉领导人。
二.attempt:v. 企图,尝试 n. 企图,试图
【词义辨析】
attempt, try, endeavour, strive,
attempt: 较正式用词,侧重已经开始,且希望完成,但常隐含着不一定有预期的结果。
try: 普通用词,可与attempt换用,但强调努力或尝试,后跟不定式表示努力或争取;后跟动名词表示尝试。
endeavour: 正式用词,指尽最大努力、认真地克服困难去做某事。
strive: 和endeavour一样,表示付出巨大努力,但strive侧重劳累与紧张,而不强调努力的结果。
【词语用法】
1.attempt后可加不定式,如attempt to do,也可加介词和动名词勾结,如attempt at doing,不过习惯上,不定式的用法更为普遍;
2.作为名词时,attempt是指可数的尝试,要注意不能随便省略掉冠词an,如make an attempt。也可以说an attempt to do it和an attempt at doing it,或者是不用冠词,如make little attempt,without attempt;
3.使用attempt时,要注意双重否定的错误。
The work was attempted to be done quickly.
An attempt was made to do the work quickly.
第一句的说法是错误的,第二句才是正确的,指“尝试将工作做得更快”。
【错句举例与错句分析】
错句:The main mortgage rate is up only a quarter per cent in an attempt to limit the pain.
纠正:The rise in the main mortgage rate has been restricted to a quarter per cent in an attempt to limit the pain.
翻译:企图通过将总抵押率的上升限制在0.25%去减少痛苦。
分析:句中需要有一个动词去作为in an attempt to的依托,故加rise。
【例句用法】
1.My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted horrible.
我首次试做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
2.Before they fled the country, the enemy vainly attempted to destroy all the factories.
敌人在逃往国外前,妄图把所有工厂都毁掉。
3.He didn't pass the exam, but it was a good attempt.
他虽然没有通过考试,但他做了很大的努力。

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重点单词
  • gloryn. 光荣,荣誉,壮丽,赞颂 vi. 为 ... 而骄傲
  • strivevi. 奋斗,努力,力求
  • convertv. 变换,(使)转变,使 ... 改变信仰,倒置,兑换
  • aqueductn. [建]高架渠,渡槽,[解]导管
  • scalen. 鳞,刻度,衡量,数值范围 v. 依比例决定,攀登
  • seinen. 塞纳河(法国北部河流)
  • scenen. 场,景,情景
  • vastadj. 巨大的,广阔的 n. 浩瀚的太空
  • alternativeadj. 两者择一的; 供选择的; 非主流的 n. 替换
  • avoidvt. 避免,逃避