(单词翻译:单击)
And how do they do it? Let me tell you.
他们是怎么做到的呢? 让我来告诉你。
Institutions would add new units that focus on generating external grants and bringing new technology to market.
大学机构将增加新的部门，新部门寻求外部资助和将新技术推向市场。
They would build conference centers and create for-profit subsidiaries.
他们将建立会议中心和营利性子公司。
All these are done to generate more revenue for institutions.
所有这些都是为了给大学机构带来更多的收入。
What are the implications of this?
这意味着什么?
Well, the implications are that academic research is increasingly focused on marketable knowledge, entrepreneurial priorities are taking precedence, services are being outsourced, and students are carrying an increasing burden to pay higher tuition fees for their education.
这意味着学术研究越来越关注有市场价值的知识，创业优先级越来越高，服务被外包，学生为他们的教育支付更高的学费的负担越来越重。
Then how do university administrators view this trend?
那么高校管理者如何看待这一趋势呢?
That is, the marketplace is showing stronger impact on how institutions are run.
也就是说，市场对大学机构运行方式的影响越来越大。
In fact, university administrators see little option except to respond to the marketplace.
事实上，除了对市场做出反应外，大学管理者几乎没有别的选择。
The reason is, if their institution does not react effectively, it will not have the necessary resources to offer high-quality and diverse academic programs.
原因是，如果他们的机构不能有效地做出反应，它就没有必要的资源来提供高质量和多样化的学术项目。
Institutions unable to compete may face hard circumstances because government support continues to fall, students become better-informed consumers, and advances in technology also widen the number and reach of competitors.
无法参与竞争的大学机构可能会面临艰难的环境，因为政府支持继续减少，学生成为更知情的消费者，而技术的进步也扩大了竞争对手的数量和范围。
In turn, the ability to compete-for students, resources, faculty and prestige-becomes a driving strategic force.
反过来，竞争——学生、资源、师资和声望的能力——成为一种推动战略力量。
At its extreme, competition can overtake more traditional academic values.
在极端情况下，竞争可能会取代传统的学术价值。
However, the downside of pursuing market goals without appropriately balancing them against the public good is....
然而，追求市场目标而不适当地平衡它们与公共利益的缺点是....
is that institutions will no longer be able to fulfill their social responsibility to produce well-educated citizens and face the threat of losing their privileged place in society as they resemble more closely other market-driven organizations.
大学机构将不再能够履行其社会责任，培养受过良好教育的公民，并面临失去社会特权地位的威胁，因为它们更接近于其他市场驱动的组织。
Now let's move on to the second challenge facing U.S. higher education.
现在让我们谈谈美国高等教育面临的第二个挑战。
That is the tension between competition and equality in admissions decisions.
这就是院校竞争和录取决定平等之间的紧张关系。
Since World War II, U.S. higher education has been engaged in a process of “massification”, that is, expanding to serve students from all walks of life.
第二次世界大战以来，美国高等教育经历了一个“大众化”的过程，即向各行各业的学生扩展。
Motivating this effort is a widespread belief in the power of education to create social and economic mobility and a belief in the morality and social value of making higher education accessible to everyone.
推动这一成果的原因是，人们普遍认为教育具有创造社会和推动经济流动的力量，人们认为道德和社会价值是让每个人都能接受高等教育。
Research data bear out public perceptions:
研究数据证实了公众的看法:
When young people from low income backgrounds complete a bachelor's degree, their income and employment characteristics after graduation are equivalent to their peers from more affluent backgrounds.
当来自低收入家庭的年轻人完成学士学位时，他们毕业后的收入和就业特征与来自富裕家庭的同龄人相当。
So education can truly be “the great equalizer”。
因此，教育可以真正成为“伟大的均衡器”。
