Now, let's come to the second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves the body.
现在，让我们来看看第二种，身体的副语言特征，它涉及到身体。
In addition to conveying meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we use our bodies.
除了用音调传达意义外，我们还可以通过使用身体的方式表达我们的意图。
You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me cite some brief examples.
你可能会问：那是什么方式呢？让我举一些简单的例子。
The expression on our face, the gestures we make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages about how we feel, or what we mean.
我们脸上的表情，所做的手势，甚至我们坐着的距离和方式，都有力地传达了我们的感受和意图。
Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer of meaning.
我要更详细地解释这些。首先，面部表情。面部表情是传递意义的一种有力方式。
We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome.
我们都知道微笑是一种几乎全球通用的表示快乐或欢迎的信号。
But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common.
但也有一些其他的面部表情可能不那么常见。
For instance, raising eye-brows suggest that you are surprised or interested in something.
举个例子，挑眉毛表示你对某事感到惊讶或感兴趣。
Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, or are uncertain about something;
其他的面部动作，比如咬嘴唇，这表明你在思考，或者不确定某件事；
compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and a visible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too.
抿紧嘴唇，表明你在做决定；还有明显的咬牙，表明你很愤怒，这些都是传递意义的有力方式。
The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings.
这个类型还包括手势。你看，我们用手势来表示各种各样的意思。
Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures.
虽然我必须强调，我们实际使用的手势可能只适用于特定的文化。
That is to say different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning.
也就是说，不同的文化在传达意义时有自己最喜欢用的手势。
Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be.
举些例子，让你知道手势有多强大。
In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of "I don't care", or "I don't know".
在英国人的行为中，耸肩可能表明“我不在乎”或“我不知道”的态度。
Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation. But it can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell.
交叉双臂可以表示放松。但它也能有力地表明你很无聊。挥手表示欢迎和告别。
While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you are telling the truth.
挠头可能表明你很困惑。在其他文化中，把你的手放在心口上是为了表明你在说真话。
Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a secret. That's why we say that gestures are culture bound.
把手指放在鼻子上表示这是一个秘密。因此我们说手势与文化紧密相关。