The American Financial System (1)

美国金融制度(一)
Iwao Tanaka ,making his first business trip to the United States ,is talking to an American banker about the financial and monetary system of the U.S.
田中岩夫第一次因公出差工到美国，他正在与美国的一位银行家谈到美国金融和货币制度。
Tanaka:What is meant by the term Federal Reserve System ?Is that the central bank of the United States?
田 中：什么是美国联邦储蓄系统?它是美国的中央银行吗?
Banker :Technically it is not ,Mr.Tanaka,but it functions in that capacity .
银行家：从法律上讲，它不是，田中先生。但是它发挥了那样的作用。
The Federal Reserve System ,or the Fed as it is usually called,is the fiscal agent of the United States .
美国联邦储备系统即平常称之为“联邦”的是美国财政机构。
It has authority to issure notes which are the main currency of the country ,
它有权发行作为国家主要货币的纸币，
to control the money supply and to supervise banks and banking practices in the country .
有权控制货仙的供应量，并有权监督国内银行及银行业务活动。
T;It's owned by the government ,isn't it ?
田 中：它属于政府所有，是吗?
B:No ,it isn't .Actually ,the Fed really consists of 12 banks which are owned by all the nationally chartered banks in their respective districts.
银行家：不是的。实际上，美国联邦储备系统包括十二家银行，这些银行都是由所在地区的国家立案银行掌握所有权。
But the supervisory board ,called the Board of Governors,is a government agency responsible to the Congress.
但是他被称为“总裁理事会”的具有监督作用的理事会是一个政府机构，它向国会负责。
T:What do you mean by nationally chartered banks?Don't all banks have to have charters?
田 中：您所说的国家立案的银行是什么意思?难道不是所有的银行都必须立案吗?
B:Yes,every bank must have a charter or license to do business .But we have a dual banking system here in the United States.
银行家：是的，每个银行都必须立案或者得到准许证才能营业。但是在美国，我们这里实行的是双重银行体制，
That means some banks are licensed by the Federal government and some by individual states.
就是说，有些银行是由联邦政府签发的准许证，而有些则是各个州签发的。
There are approximately 5,000 national banks and 10,000 state banks in the country .
在美国大约有5000所国立银行和10000所州立银行。
T:Are they all supervised by the Fed?
田 中：这些银行受美国联邦储备系统监督吗?
B:Only the national banks are .
银行家：不，只有国立银行是这样的。