Such old shells found in the rocks are called fossils.
这些从岩石中找到的古老甲壳，名叫“化石”。
Another kind of rock in which many fossils are found is called limestone. A drop of acid or of strong vinegar will tell you whether a stone is limestone or not.
另外一种含有很多化石的石头，叫做“石灰岩”也叫“灰岩”。想分辨一块石头是不是石灰岩，只要用一滴酸液或者一滴浓醋就行了。
As soon as the acid touches the limestone, it begins to fizz and to bubble. The acid causes a little of the limestone to dissolve, and a gas is formed, which escapes in small bubbles.
酸液一落到石灰岩的表面，就会冒气泡，发出嘶嘶的声音。酸液“溶解”了一点儿石灰岩，形成一种气体，变成小气泡冒出来。
Clay is also a rock; and when it has been pressed a great deal, it is called shale. Shale splits very easily.
粘土也是一种石头，经过大力挤压之后，叫做“页岩”。页岩可以很容易地分成很多片。
Some stones are made up of a great many little bits with flat shining sides and sharp corners, called crystals. Granite is a rock of this kind. Such stones were long ago heated inside the earth till they melted, and then, as they cooled, the crystals were formed.
有些石头，是很多很多表面平整闪光、棱角锋利的小块组成的，这些小块叫做“晶体”。花岗岩就属于这种石头。这样的石头，是很久以前在地下被加热到熔化，然后又冷却的。冷却的时候，就形成了这些晶体。
Granite is a very pretty rock. Pillars made of polished granite are often used in public buildings. No fossils are ever found in granite. If there ever were any in it, they were destroyed when the rock was melted.
花岗岩是一种十分漂亮的石头，英国的公共建筑，经常用打磨过的花岗岩做柱子。花岗岩里，从来没有找到过化石，如果有过化石，也在花岗岩熔化的时候毁坏了。
There are great granite quarries in Cornwalland in Scotland. A soft white limestone forms the chalk hills of the south-east and the east of England; and a hard limestone forms many of the hills in the north of England.
英国的康沃尔郡和苏格兰王国，都有大型的采石场。英格兰东南部和东部，有很多白垩的小山，是一种软质白色石灰岩构成的；英国北部则有很多小山，是硬质的石灰岩构成的。