1. We have substantial evidence for lodging a claim.
我们有足够的证据提出索赔。
还能这样说：
There are sound evidences for us to make a claim.
It is proved evidently that we can register a claim.
应用解析：
in evidence 显而易见的，清楚的，明显的；
on the evidence of sth. 用某事物作为证据

2. What exactly is the problem with the latest lot?
最近这一批货究竟出了什么问题？
还能这样说：
What happened to the latest commodity?
What's matter with the latest commodity?
应用解析：
problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词solve或settle（解决）搭配；
而question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与ask或answer连用。

3. We hope you will effect a full settlement of our claim.
我们希望贵方能圆满地解决我们所提出的索赔。
还能这样说：
I hope you will accept our claim.
I hope that you can settle the problem about the claim.
应用解析：
have a claim on 有对……要求权；
set up a claim to sth. 声明对……的权利；提出对……的要求

4. The quality of the fertilizer is inferior to that stipulated in the contract.
化肥质量次于合同中规定的。
还能这样说：
The quality of the fertilizer is worse than that described in the contract.
The quality of the fertilizer doesn't match the quality stipulated in the contract.
应用解析：
be inferior to 在……之下，次于，不如；
be sb.'s inferior in 在……方面不及某人；
inferior by comparison 相形见绌