Hi. I'm Adam. Welcome to www.engvid.com.

你好，我是亚当。欢迎来到英格威英语学习网。

In today's lesson, I want to talk to you about six words that all of you already know;

在今天的课程中，我想跟大家讲讲你们已经知道的六个词汇。

they're very common, very easy words, but I'm going to show you the uncommon uses for these words.

他们是非常常见非常简单的词汇，但是我要跟大家讲讲这些词汇的不常用的用法。

Now, the reason you want to know uncommon uses of words is:

你需要学习词汇的不常用的用法是：

A) to sound more like a native speaker who will use these words regularly,

听起来更像是一个经常使用这些词汇的说母语的人。

and B) they will actually help you get a better vocabulary range; more variety to your speech, to your writing,

它们会帮助你获得更好的词汇量；使你的演讲更多样化，

and when you read you'll be able to understand these better.

当你阅读时，你会更好地理解这些词汇。

So, let's look at these. "Down". We're going to start with the word "down".

让我们看看这些词汇。首先我们来看down这个词汇。

Now, obviously everybody knows "down" is, you know, down there. Up, down.

显然，大家都知道down这个词汇，你知道，在那里。上，下。

That's the preposition. Do you know that "down" can also be a verb?

这是它介词的用法。你知道down也有动词的用法吗？

For example, you can down a drink, you can down a plane. Now, what does that mean?

比如，你可以喝一杯，你可以击落一架飞机。你知道它在这里的意思吗？

"Down a drink" basically means have a drink; finish the drink.

Down a drink的意思是喝一杯饮料。喝完饮料。

If you have a glass of beer, you down it before you leave the bar.

如果你有一杯啤酒，在离开酒吧前，你喝完自己的啤酒。

"Down a plane" means: "Pew" or-sorry-I should say like this.

Down a plane意思是，我应该这样说。

Shoot down the plane and bring it down to Earth.

击落飞机，把它打到地面上。

So, in Canada, for example, I live in Toronto and the hockey team here is... You know, it's starting to be a little bit better now.

比如，在加拿大，我生活在多伦多，这里的曲棍球队是...球队的表现现在更好了。

But if I want to go watch a hockey game, the drinks and the food at the... at the arena are very, very expensive.

但是如果我想去看冰球比赛，竞技场那里的饮料和食物是非常非常昂贵的。

So what a lot of people do - we go to a bar, we down a few beers at the bar,

很多人会去酒吧，喝几杯啤酒，

and then we head to the arena and maybe have one beer over there.

然后我们去竞技场，也许在那里喝一杯啤酒。

Don't drink if you're not into drinking; if you're underage, you didn't hear any of that.

如果你不喜欢喝酒，就不要喝酒；如果你是未成年人，你什么都没听到。

Plane. Now, in a lot of countries, you know, there's wars and stuff like that,

飞机。现在，在很多国家，你知道，会有战争之类的事情，

and in some countries, there... the rebels or the local army is a little bit underequipped,

在一些国家里...叛军或当地军队的装备有点不足，

and for them a big victory is gotten simply by downing an enemy airplane.

对他们来说，只需击落一架敌机就能获得巨大的胜利。

So if they're able to down a plane from the enemy, they're very happy about it, even though it doesn't really help that much.

所以如果他们能够从敌人手中击落一架飞机，他们会非常高兴，尽管这并没有多大帮助。

So, "down", bring down, or take down a drink.

所以down有击落的意思，还有喝饮料的意思。

"Foot". Now, the foot, you know the two things at the bottom of your body, here.

现在来看foot。你知道在你身体底部有两样东西。

Most people know them as a noun; the two things there, but we can also use "foot" as a verb.

很多人都知道他们名词的意思；但是我们也能将foot用作动词。

"To foot the bill", or "to foot the cost", or "to foot the expenses" means pay for or cover the expenses of something.

支付账单，付费，支付费用，支付某物的费用。

So, if I go away on a business trip, I expect that my company will foot the expenses; hotel, flight, food, etc.

所以，如果我出差了，我希望公司会支付我的费用；酒店、航班、食物等。

"Foot it". "To foot" basically means to walk.

Foot it。意思就是步行。

So, if you're driving around and you... Your car breaks down and you're in the middle of nowhere,

所以，如果你在开车的时候...你的车坏了，而你又在一个偏僻的地方，

and there's nobody to call and there's no, you know, a bus, or a taxi, or anything -

不能打电话给任何人，没有公交车，没有出租车，什么都没有，

you're basically going to have to foot it to the next town to call a tow truck to go get your car.

你基本上要步行到下一个城镇去叫一辆拖车来取你的车。

"To foot it" - to walk. "Break". Now, "break" actually has many meanings.

To foot it意思就是步行。break实际上有很多意思。

You know "break", like break the glass, break... Break something.

你知道，比如打破玻璃，打破什么东西。

Anyways, shattered in pieces. Or "to brake" means to slow down in the car.

打成碎片。刹车意思是使汽车减速。

I want to talk to you about other ones. "To be broke".

我想和你们谈谈其他的用法。To be broke。

Now, notice that I'm using the past tense. I'm not using "break"; I'm using the past tense "broke", but here, this is an adjective.

注意我用的是过去时。我没有使用break；我用的是过去式broke，但在这里，它是一个形容词。

What does it mean "to be broke"? It basically means to have no money.

to be broke是什么意思？它基本上意味着没有钱。

You open... Pull out your pockets, and lint falls out. No money.

你翻开口袋，棉线掉了出来。没有钱。

So, Bill who's been out of... Out of work for, like, a year is broke

那么，比尔已经离开了...没有工作，一年就破产了。

and he can't go out to have a drink with us or to watch the hockey game because he's broke.

他也不能和我们一起出去喝酒或看曲棍球比赛，因为他破产了。

Now, "to break the bank"... If something breaks the bank it means it's overly expensive.

倾家荡产...如果什么东西让人倾家荡产，那就意味着它太贵了。

If you actually spend the money on it or if you invest in it, you will become broke.

如果你真的把钱花在这上面或者投资在这上面，你就会破产。

So, a lot of companies, they want to invest in innovative new things for their company-equipment or technology-

所以，很多公司，他们想要投资为公司提供创新的设备或技术，

but they don't want this investment to break the bank;

但他们不希望这项投资让自己倾家荡产；

basically cost so much that the whole company falls apart.

意思是花费太大，让公司土崩瓦解。

But at the same time, if you invest in something properly or not, the investment in that thing could make or break the company.

但与此同时，你在某件事情上投资得当或者不当可能成就公司，也可能毁掉公司。

"Make or break". "Make" means you will become very successful; "break" means you will fail miserably and fall apart.

要么成功要么毁灭。make的意思是你会变得非常成功；break的意思是你将惨败，分崩离析。

"Make or break", this is a common expression. Okay? It goes together.

要么成功要么毁灭，这是一个常见的表达。两个词一块用。

Something will make or break something else. Okay? So, a lot of you are thinking that you want to go to university.

一件事会成就另一件事，也会毁掉另一件事。好吧？所以，你们很多人都想上大学。

Keep in mind that you need high scores, you need a good letter, application letter, etc.

记住，你需要高分，你需要一封好信，申请信等等。

But no one piece of the application will make or break you. Everything together will make the difference. Okay?

但是没有一封求职信会使你成功或者毁灭。诸多因素一块才能产生大影响。

So don't stress out too much about any one particular thing. Okay?

所以不要过度担心某件单一的事情好吗？

So, here are three; let's look at three more. Okay, so now we have three other words we're going to look at.

我们已经讲了三个词。让我们再看三个词。好了，现在我们要看另外三个词。

The first one is: "mum". Now, for a lot of you, you're thinking: "Oh, like, mother, right?

第一个词是mum。对于你们当中的很多人，你可能会想：“就是母亲嘛。

Like, mom." Well, the British say: "Mum"; the Canadians and Americans... North... United States people say: "Mom".

就是母亲。英国人会说：Mum；加拿大人和美国人说Mom。

They sound very similar, but if you pay attention, you can actually hear the difference between "mom" and "mum".

它们听起来很相似，但如果你注意听，你就能听出mom和mum的区别。

But "mum" also means silent. So: "Keep mum" means: "Don't say anything. Be quiet.

但是mum也有安静的意思。Keep mum意思是：“不要说任何事情。安静。

Keep silent. Don't say anything to anybody." Or: "Mum's the word".

安静。不要对任何人说任何事情。或者说Mum's the word。

This is an expression, it means: "Don't tell anybody. Keep it a secret." Right?

这是一个表达，意思是：不要告诉任何人。保守秘密。

So, I tell my friends something that happened to me last night, but I say: "Just keep... Like, don't tell anybody.

所以，我告诉我的朋友昨晚发生在我身上的事，但我说：“保持...不要告诉任何人。

Okay? I don't want anybody else to know about this", and he responds: "Mum's the word."

我不想让别人知道这件事，”他回答道：“不要说出去。”

That's all he needs to say; I understand he won't tell anybody the story.

这就是他要说的话；我知道他不会告诉任何人这个故事。

He's going to keep mum. Okay? "Spot". Now, a lot of you know "spot" as to, like, see something.

他会保守秘密。现在来看spot。很多人都知道spot的意思，比如看到什么东西。

"Oh, I spotted the dog over there." Or it could be, like, a stain, like there's a spot on the table - you want to clean it off.

“我看到了那里的狗。”或者还有污点的意思，比如桌子那里有一个污点-你要清洁它。

But "spot" also means... Like, when we say: "Can you spot me?" Two meanings for "spot me".

但是spot也有这个意思，比如，当我们说：Can you spot me?它有两个意思。

One: "Lend me". "Can you spot me $50 until next payday?" It means: "Can you lend me $50?

一个意思是“借我”。“你能借我50美元到下个发薪日吗？”意思是，“你能借我50美元吗？

I will pay you back on payday." But if you're at the gym and you want to do some heavy lifting;

我会在发薪日还给你的。”但是如果你在健身房，你想做一些举重锻炼；

you want to do some bench presses, but you're worried that the bar will just fall on your chest and maybe kill you. Right?

你想做一些卧推，但你担心杠铃会掉在你的胸口上，可能会要了你的命。

So, you don't want that to happen. So, you ask your friend: "Can you spot me?"

你不想要那个发生。所以你问你的朋友：Can you spot me?

So, he will stand over the bench, and he will have his hands just in case you can't lift it, and he will help you lift it up.

他会站长凳一边，以防你举不起来，他的手会放在那里帮你举。

So, that's "spot". Okay? "Own". Now, of course, everybody knows "own", like: "I own a house.

这就是spot的用法。现在来看own。当然，每个人都知道own，比如，我有一个房子。

I own a car. I own a casino somewhere in Atlantic City." So, "own" - possess.

我拥有一辆汽车。我在大西洋城某处有一家赌场。own就是拥有的意思。

But: "own to" and "own up to", these are both phrasal verbs, of course.

但是own to和own up to，当然这些都是短语。

"Own to" basically means take responsibility for. Okay? "Own up to" means admit.

Own to意识就是负有责任。Own up to意思就是承认。

Also means take responsibility for. So, you "own", but you don't have to use the "to".

也意味着承担责任。所以，你可以用own，但你不必使用to。

You can own your mistake, and you can own to the fact that you made a mistake.

你可以承认你的错误，你可以承认你犯了一个错误。

So: "own" - take responsibility, say that you will fix it, and do whatever you need to do.

own的意思是承担责任，表示你会解决问题，做任何你需要做的事情。

"Own up to" - admit that you made the mistake, and then hopefully help everybody fix it.

own up to就是承认你犯了一个错误，然后希望帮助每个人解决它。

Now, if you "own somebody"... This is mostly slang. Mostly you'll hear it in sports situations.

own somebody主要是俚语。多数情况下你会在体育的情形下听到它。

If we're playing basketball, and it's like 20 points for me and two points for you, then I own you.

如果我们在打篮球，我得了20分，你得了2分，那我就支配了你。

"I own you!" I say it like that, right? I have to be angry when I say it.

我支配了你！我说了这句话，我说的时候一定得是带着怒气。

"To own somebody" - to dominate; to be better than; to have full control over.

支配某人，即统治了某人，成为了更好的人，全面压制。

So, some people think that in the elections one candidate will own the other candidate; maybe not.

有些人认为在选举中一个候选人会压制另一个候选人；也许不是。

If it's close, it's a fight; if it's a bad beating, then one owns the other.

如果接近的话，这就是一场战斗。如果是一次严重的打击，就是一方压制了另一方。

You can say about teams, you can say about individuals as well. Okay?

你可以用它谈论团队，你可以谈论个体。

So, keep all these words in mind. They're used in everyday speech by native speakers.

所以记住这些词。本土人在日常的交流都在使用它们。

You will hear these all the time; you'll see them in movies, TV shows, etc.

你会一直听到这些；你会在电影、电视节目等中看到它们。

And if you're not sure about any of them, please go to www.engvid.com, and you can ask me any question there you like.

如果你对其中任何一个不确定的话，请访问www.engvid.com，你可以在那里问我任何你想问的问题。

There's also a quiz that you can take and practice your knowledge of these words.

还有一个小测验，你可以参加并练习你对这些单词的认识。

And, of course, if you like this video, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

当然，如果你喜欢这个视频，请订阅我的油管频道。

Don't forget to come back again and watch a lot more interesting videos,

别忘了回来看更多有趣的视频，

be more like a native speaker, and I'll see you soon. Bye.

更像一个以英语为母语的人，我们很快就会再见。再见。