Hi again. Welcome back to www.engvid.com.I'm Adam, and today's lesson comes from a very common question I get from students.
大家好，欢迎回到www.engvid.com。我是Adam，今天的课程与学生们常问我的一个问题有关系。
Students sometimes ask me...Like they ask me a question about grammar or whatever,
有些学生会问我语法或者其他什么的问题，
and sometimes I say: "You know what? I'm not sure. I'll tell you tomorrow or I'll tell you the next day", etcetera.
有时候我会说，“我也不太确定，我明天再告诉你吧。”
And then they say to me: "But you're the teacher, you should know."
接下来他们就会问我：“但是你是老师啊，你应该知道答案的。”
And I say to them, you know: "Even teachers sometimes need to learn and to continuously grow and find out new things for their students."
我会说：“即便（Even）是老师也需要学习，需要不断成长，教给自己的学生新的东西。”
And then of course the next question is: "What is 'even'?"
那么下一个问题就是：“Even是什么？”
And I say: "Okay, well there's your...our next lesson." Right?So today's word: "even".
“好吧，下节课我们就来讲。”那么我们今天讲的就是Even了。
Many students...like they hear it all the time, but they don't really understand how it's being used.
很多学生经常听到这个单词，但是他们并不真正理解怎么去用。
So today, I'm going to give you some examples because that's the best way to understand this word.
今天我就来讲一下一些例句，从而更好地理解这个单词。
Most of you have seen it as: "even though", "even if", or: "even when".
大部分人都见过"even though"/"even if"/"even when"。
There are other uses which we're going to look at in a minute, but first let's go over these.
还有一些其他的用法我们稍后会再看，我们先来看看这些。
But first, what does. .? What does the word: "even" suggest? Okay?
首先，要搞清楚"even"表达的什么意思呢？
When you use the word: "even", you're talking about something that's very surprising. Okay?
在用Even的时候都是表示比较令人惊讶地事情。
It's against expectation.What is "expectation"?
与预期不同的。"Expectation"什么意思？
When you think something will happen because something else happened.
就是你以为会发生某件事，但是发生了另外的事情。
For example: if I win a million dollars, you will...You would expect that I will buy a big house or that I will go on vacation or that I will stop working. Okay?
比如说，如果我赢了100万美元，你觉得我可能会买大房子、去度假或者干脆不上班了，对吧？
So what we're going to see is that sometimes what you think will happen is exactly the opposite or different from what actually happens, and then that's when you use the word: "even".
我们要明白的是，有的时候你期待的事情与发生的事情完全相反或者不同，那你就可以用even了。
Let's look at the first example: "Even though I was late, my boss wasn't angry."
来看第一个例子："Even though I was late, my boss wasn't angry."
Now, you would think: "You're late, your boss is angry."
你会觉得，迟到了，老板肯定很生气。
But I'm stressing that what should have been the case, he should have been angry or she should have been angry, but wasn't, even though I was late.
很有可能会这样，老板确实会生气，但是没有，即便是我迟到了也没有。
So it's a very surprising situation.If I used only "though": "Though I was late, my boss wasn't angry."
这是一个挺令人惊讶的事情。如果我只是用了"though"这个单词："Though I was late, my boss wasn't angry."
This just shows a regular contrast. Okay?Late should equal angry, it wasn't.
这句话只是表现了一种很常规的对比。迟到就会生气，但并没有。
This shows surprise because usually my boss gets angry when I'm late, - not that I'm late often -, but when I'm late, my boss gets really angry.
这句话很令人惊讶，因为我迟到的话，老板通常会生气，当然并不是说我经常迟到，但是只要迟到老板一定会很不高兴。
But today, no, today my boss was calm, nothing going on.
但是今天，老板很平静，什么事都没有发生。
He must have had a good weekend, I don't know.Now: "if".
他肯定周末过的不错，我也不知道。下一个，"if"。
"If I win the lottery, I won't have enough money to buy a house."That doesn't make sense.
“如果我中了彩票，我也没那么多钱买房子。”这句话压根儿不通。
If you win the lottery, you have a lot of money, so that's why I'm using: "if".
如果你中彩票的话，就会有很多很多钱，这就是我用"if"的原因。
And when I use: "if", I'm also adding the negative, the opposite of what is expected.
用"if"的时候，又可以加上反转语气。
"Even if I win the lottery, I won't have enough money to buy a house."Okay? It depends how much the lottery is.
"Even if I win the lottery, I won't have enough money to buy a house."这取决于这个奖有多大。
I think Lotto 649, that's the lottery in Ontario, I think it's three million right now.
现在安大略的乐透649好像奖池达到300万美元了。
In Toronto, that'll buy you a little house, maybe.So: "Even if I win".Now: "even when".
这个钱如果是在多伦多的话，应该可以买个小点儿的房子。记住这个， "Even if I win"。下一个，"even when"。
"If" is a hypothetical; maybe it will happen, maybe it won't happen, probably not.
"If"是一种假设，可能会发生，也有可能没有。
"When" we use for more realistic ideas, when something happens.
"When"用于更实际的概念，一些真正发生的事情。
"Even when he presented the evidence," - when he showed proof that something happened -, "no one believed him."
“即便是他已经拿出了证据” - 他拿出了某些事情发生过的证据 - “但是还没有人相信他。”
Now, you think evidence, if somebody sees evidence, they believe what you're saying.
你会觉得，如果人们看到证据了，就会相信你说的。
But even when he presented the evidence, they didn't believe him.Very strange.
但是即便是他已经拿出来了证据，人们还是不相信他。很奇怪。
I can...I put the word here "after": "Even after he showed the evidence..."
我还可以在这里加一个"after"："Even after he showed the evidence..."
If you want to talk about time lapse, this is..."When" shows at that time, "after" means later, but both work the same way in this sentence. Okay?
如果你想说一下时间差的话，这句话里面…… "When"就表达了时间，"after"是说之后，这两个单词在句子里面都能生效。
So again: "even" means surprising or against expectations, but we are not limited to these three expressions.Let's look at some more.
"Even"说的是比较令人惊讶地情况，或者是预料之外的情况，但是并不只有这三种表达方式。来看看其他的。
Okay, now another thing to remember about this word: "even" is that it sometimes gives you extra information.
还要记住的是，even还可以提供一些额外信息。
Just by using this word, you should be able to understand something else. Okay?
通过运用这个单词，你就能了解到一些其他的信息。
So let's look at these examples."No one thought Tom's joke was funny, not even Kathy."
来看一下例句。“没人觉得汤姆的笑话有意思，即便是凯西也不觉得好玩儿。”
Now, only from this sentence, what can you understand about Kathy?
只是通过这一句话，你会了解到关于凯西什么信息呢？
One: you can understand that she always thinks Tom's jokes are funny,
首先你可以是知道的是，她可能一直觉得汤姆的笑话都挺好笑的，
so that's why it's a little surprise that even she didn't think this was funny or you think that Kathy always laughs at every joke.
所以她不觉得这个有意思挺让人惊讶地；或者说凯西觉得每一个笑话都搞笑。
Okay? So something about Kathy you can understand from this sentence even though it's not mentioned;
在这句话里你能了解到话外的一些信息，
you understand something about her personality or about her relationship with Tom, etcetera.
你可以知道她的个性，或者她与汤姆的关系一类的。
Obviously, we need more information to know exactly what, but you understand that there's something else because of this word. Okay?
显然我们确实需要知道一些更准确的信息，但是你要明白因为这一个单词就能了解到其他的内容。
"Even Superman wouldn't be able to defeat him.""Defeat him" means beat him or win in a fight.
“即便是超人也不能击败他。”"Defeat him"是说打败他，或者赢得一场斗争。
So even Superman wouldn't be able to, what does that tell you about him?
即便是超人都赢不了，这句话让你明白了什么？
He's very tough or very difficult to beat.Superman can beat anybody, right? He's Superman.Nope, not this guy.
他非常厉害，很难击败。超人可以打败所有人，对吧？那可是超人。但是不能打败这个人。
This guy's tougher than Superman, tougher even than Superman. Wow, pretty tough.
这个人比超人还要厉害，那可真是强硬了。
"I really want to eat a burger." - Like a hamburger because, you know, they're good. - "I could even go right now."
“我很想吃一个汉堡，” - 很好吃的那种 - “我甚至现在就想去。”
I want to eat one so badly that even though I'm sitting in front of the TV, relaxed, not wanting to move, I could even go right now, that's how much I want a hamburger.
我真的很想吃点儿什么，即便是我坐在电视前，全身放松，不想动，我还是会起身去吃，足以证明我有多想吃。
So this information, this word right here tells you just how strongly I want to eat a hamburger.Must be a pretty good burger.
所以这句话里，这个单词就表明了我有多想吃汉堡。一定是个很好吃的汉堡。
"Sure, the Rockies are huge," - capital "R", Rockies, Western Canada - "But the Himalayas" - North India - "are even bigger."
“落基山脉很雄伟，” - 大写的R，落基山脉，在加拿大西部 - “但是喜马拉雅山” - 印度北部 - “更雄伟”。

So you think Rockies are huge, nothing's bigger than the Rockies.
你觉得落基山脉已经够雄伟了，没什么比落基山脉更高的了。
Well no, the Himalayas are even bigger, believe it or not.
但是并非如此，喜马拉雅山可是更高。
So this word: "even" basically means: "believe it or not".
所以这里的"even"就是说“不管你信不信”的意思。
I'm telling you something that is surprising; against your expectation. Okay?
就是说我告诉你的内容跟你想的不太一样。
So very, very commonly used word, has a lot of extra information in the word because it's being used to suggest other information. Okay?
这是一个常见的单词，有很多额外的信息可以听出来，因为经常被用来暗示其他内容。
If you want to practice this and see some more examples, go to: www.engvid.com.
如果想要进行练习的话，请登录www.engvid.com。
There's a quiz there you can try to strengthen your understanding of the word "even".
可以做测验，加强理解even这个单词。
And, of course, go to YouTube and watch my channel, and subscribe, and it's all good.See you again.
当然了，要记得订阅我的Youtube频道，都是干货。下次见。