Hello, I'm Oli. Welcome to Oxford Online English.
你们好，我是奥利。欢迎来到牛津在线英语。
In this lesson, we're going to look at the IELTS writing exam, and specifically how to approach question one of the academic IELTS writing.
这节课我们要学的是雅思作文考试部分，特别是如何应对学术类雅思写作问题。
Let's start at the beginning: what does question one ask you to do?
让我们从头开始：问题一让你做什么？
In academic IELTS, question one normally involves some kind of data, like a table, a chart, a graph, a diagram, or maybe a map.
学术类雅思中，问题一通常涉及一些数据。如一个表格，图解，图表或者也许是一张地图。
Your job is generally to write some kind of summary of the data that you're given.
你的任务通常是根据已有的数据写总结。
Sometimes, questions include a combination of different data types, so you might have a line graph and a table, or two different maps, for example.
有时，问题包括不同数据类型的组合，所以你可能会看到如线状图和表格，或两种不同的地图。
The word count for question one is 150 words.
问题一要求150个字。
Like all IELTS writing, this means you need to write a minimum of 150 words, or you will lose points.
像所有雅思写作一样，这意味着你要写至少150个字，否则你就会丢分。
You should aim to write around 160-170 words, and your answer should take you around 20 minutes.
你的目标应该是160-170个字左右，回答时间约20分钟。

Let's start by looking at a sample question which we're going to use for this lesson.So this is the text of the question.
让我们看看这节课用到的样题。所以这是问题的文本。
It mentions two pie charts, which I'll show you in a minute.
这提及了两个饼图，我马上给你们看。
Pause the video to read the question. We're going to look at the pie charts; here they are.
暂停视频读问题。在这里我们看看这个饼图。
So your job is to summarise the information from the charts and make comparisons.
所以你的任务是总结图表信息并作比较。
OK, let's talk about planning your writing.
好，让我们来讨论写作计划。
Even though you don't have much time in the exam, it's still important to plan your answer.
即使你考试时没有很多时间，但列出提纲仍然很重要。
Planning your answer will help to make your writing clearer and better organised, which can help you to get a better score.
列出提纲会使你的写作更清楚、有条理，帮你取得高分。
It's also very easy to just get lost in the data if you don't plan: in question one it's important to find trends or patterns to give structure to your answer.
如果你没有提纲就很容易迷失在数据里。在问题一中找到趋势或模式对组织答案很重要。
We'll come back to this point several times during this lesson.
在这堂课中，我们会多次强调这一点。
First of all, you only need a short introduction, and you don't need a conclusion.
首先，你只需一个简单的介绍，而不用给出结论。
Your introduction should summarise what the data in the question shows,
你的介绍应该概述出问题里的数据，
for example: "These two pie charts show the proportions of men and women working in different sectors in the UK in 1992."
例如这两个饼图显示出1992年英国男女在不同行业的工作比例。
That's all you need - a one-sentence introduction is fine.
一句话概括就够了。
Be careful, though; don't use the words from the question in your summary!
但是要小心，总结时别用问题中的词。
You need to use your own words, otherwise the examiners will not count it as part of your answer.
你要用自己的词，否则考官不会把它算作你回答的一部分。
Next, you need to plan your body paragraphs.
下一步，你要规划你的正文部分。
In general, I would advise writing two body paragraphs.
通常我建议你在正文部分写两段。
That's not a rule, and there might be some questions where you only need one paragraph; there might be some questions where you need three paragraphs.
这不是规定，有的问题你只需写一段来回答，有的则需要你写三段。
However, for most questions, two paragraphs is the right number.
然而，对于大多数问题，两段式最好。
Each body paragraph needs to have a main idea.
每段正文需要一个主题思想。
There isn't usually a right and wrong way to structure your writing: there are many possibilities.
组织写作的方式通常没有对错，这其中有很多可能性。
Let's look at a few possible structures for our sample question.
让我们看看样题中可以使用的结构。
In paragraph one, you talk about employment patterns for women, and in paragraph two: employment patterns for men.
第一段，你可以谈谈女性的就业结构；第二段写男性的就业结构。
Or, in your first paragraph, talk about similarities between the patterns for men and women, and in the second paragraph, the differences between the patterns for men and women.
或者第一段谈论男女模式的相似性，第二段谈论其不同之处。
Another idea: you could divide it by employment sectors.
另一种想法：你可以通过就业部门划分。
So in paragraph one, you talk about the sectors which provide large numbers of jobs, and in paragraph two, talk about the sectors which provide a smaller number of jobs.
第一段谈论提供大量岗位的部门，第二段谈论提供少量岗位的部门。
These are not the only possibilities, but you don't need to think about all of the possible structures.
这些不是唯一的可能性，但你不必想出所有的作文组织结构。
Remember: there isn't a right or wrong way to plan your answer, but it is important that your answer has some kind of structure.
记住写提纲的方式没有对错，但重要的是你的回答要有条理。
Otherwise, you'll just end up listing the data, one point after another, and this is not a good idea.
否则你最终只是一条条列出数据，而这并不是一个好主意。
If you do include a conclusion, it should be very short: one or two sentences.
如果你要写下一句结语，那么应该十分短小，一两句话就可以。
Remember also that a conclusion is not necessary for question one; you can just finish with your second body paragraph.
还要记住问题一里不一定要写下结语部分，你可以用两段式文章完成它。
OK, now let's look at some practical advice, some things you should try to do when writing your answer to question one.
现在看一些实用的建议，在回答问题一时你应该试着写下的文字。
First of all, you need to include summaries of the information, including some big-picture perspective.
首先你要从全局视角概括信息。
For example: "The vast majority of women worked in one of three sectors: managerial/professional, clerical or 'other manual'."
例如：大部分女性工作在这三个行业之一：管理者／专业的部门，文书部门或其他体力劳动部门。
So this is a summary; it gives you an idea of the whole situation.
所以这就是总结，一个整体的情况。
"Just over half (52%) of all men worked in manual occupations."
一半多（52%）的男性从事体力工作。
Or: "The managerial/professional sector was the single most important source of employment for men in 1992."
或者在1992年管理者／专业的部门是男性最重要的就业来源。
All of these examples do the same thing; they all give you an idea of the big picture.
这些例子都是为了一个目的，给出全局观念。
You should also make comparisons between different sets of data.
你还应对比不同的数据。
For example: "Many more women than men work in clerical positions: the proportions working in such roles are 31% and 6% respectively."
例如：女性比男性更多的工作在文书岗位上：其比例分别是31%和6%。
"Craft work is a much more important source of employment for men (24%) than for women (3%) ."
手工业者是男性重要的就业来源，对比女性的比例是24%和3%。
Or: "Both men and women are well-represented in the managerial/professional sector, although the percentage of men (36%) is slightly higher than that of women (29%) ."
或者男女都详尽的体现在了管理者／专业的部门上，尽管男性比例是36%略高于女性的29%。
In all of these three sentences, you're making connections between different parts of the data.
在这三个句子里，你要使不同部分的数据关联起来。
This is really important, and you should do it wherever possible.
这很重要，你要尽可能的这么做。
OK, so those are some things you should do.
好，这些是你要做的事情。
It's also important to remember some things you really shouldn't do.
同样重要的是记住你不该做的事情。
Most important: do not simply list all of the details, one after another.
最重要的是不要只是一个个的列出所有细节。
We mentioned this earlier, but it needs to be repeated, because it's the number one mistake I see students making when I work with students who are preparing for IELTS.
我们之前提过这点，但需要一再强调，因为当我和考雅思的同学备考时，我看到这是他们最容易犯的错误。
For example, don't start your paragraph like this.
例如，不要像这样开始段落。
This is a good example of what not to do.
这是一个很好的反例。
You can pause the video and read the paragraph if you want to.
如果你愿意的话，可以暂停视频然后读一下这段。
It's not a good paragraph, even though it's well-written, in clear English, and the language is accurate.
这不是一个好的段落，即使写得很好，语言清晰，并且用词准确。
It's not good because it just lists data, one point after another.
这并不好，因为它只是一项项的列举数据。
This isn't enough; you also need to find trends, give a big-picture perspective, make comparisons between different data points and so on.
这并不够，你还要找到趋势，给出全局观点，比较不同的数据点等等。
Another point: do not make mistakes with the data. This can affect your score.
另一方面不要弄错数据，这会影响你的分数。
For example, if you say that over half of all women work in manual jobs (which is not true, according to the pie charts) , this will count against you - it does matter.
例如，如果你说超过一半的女性从事体力劳动（从饼图上看这是错的），这会影响你的分数，对你不利。
Also, don't add any opinions or reasons.
另外，不要添加任何观点或原因。
This task is completely factual; there's no need to add your own ideas to the text.
这部分考试完全基于事实数据，所以没必要在文本上附加你的观点。
Adding in unnecessary ideas or opinions could hurt your score, and will definitely waste your time.
添加不必要的想法或观点会影响你的分数，完全是浪费时间。
OK, let's review some of the main points we've talked about today, which will help you to write a better answer for question one.
好，让我们回顾一下今天讲的重点，这将助你在回答问题一时得高分。
Find trends or ideas which you can use to structure your answer.
找出你可以用来组织答案的趋势或观点。
Remember: there isn't one correct way to structure your answer, but you need to find some way to organise your ideas, so that your writing has progression.
记住：没有一种组织答案的正确方法，但你需要找到一些方法使你的想法有条理，这样才能在写作上有进展。
You need to also balance a big-picture view - summaries and a wider perspective - with specific examples and details.
你还要结合具体例子和细节平衡全局，更广阔的观点并概括。
It's important that your answer contains both of these.
包含这些对于你的回答很重要。
Finally, highlight key similarities or differences between different parts of the data.
最后，强调不同部分数据的关键异同。
Making comparisons between different data points helps to make your answer more complete.OK, that's the end of the lesson.
在不同数据点上作比较有助于更加完善你的答案。本课结束。
I hope it was useful. If you want to read the full lesson, with the text, you can find it on our website, along with many other free English lessons.
我希望对你有帮助。如果你想阅读本课的全部文本，你可以在我们的网站上看到，还附有很多免费课。
But that's all. Thanks again for watching, and I'll see you next time. Bye bye!
就到这里，感谢观看，下次见。再见！