Hi, everyone. I'm Jade.
大家好，我是Jade。
I'm talking about informal intensifiers today and this is a way to make a story more dramatic and it's what we use as native speakers when we're, yeah, telling a story.
今天我来讲一些可以“调剂”你语言的非正式词汇，这是一种能够丰富你讲故事能力的方式，也是我们母语者讲故事的时候会用到的词汇。
So when we're telling a story, we'll put in these adverbs to add drama you could say.
我们在讲故事的时候，我们会把这些副词加上，从而加强戏剧性。
But we...We've got a choice of intens-...They're otherwise known as intensifiers. We've got a choice of what words we can use.
但是我们会选——这些单词也叫做“调剂”词汇——我们会选择用什么词。
Any they depend...And the words we choose depend on the context and they depend on the kind of story you want to tell.
这些词的选择会以内容和故事的类型为基础。
So let's...Firstly, to describe what "posh" is.
首先我来讲一下"Posh"是什么意思。
In the UK, "posh" means belonging to a higher social class.
在英国，"Posh"的意思是指那些上层社会的人。
It could be a way of behaving, it could be a way of speaking.
它可以是一种行为，也可以是一种说话的方式。

So we have that in England because of the queen and all stuff like that, and that's just the way English British society is.
在英国有这些阶级是因为我们有女王啊什么的，英国社会就是这样的。
So posh people use different words in their speech.
所以说上层人物们在说话的时候会用一些不一样的词汇。
So in their speech, these are the preferred words for posh English.
在他们的发言中，会有一些特定的词汇。
So someone might say: "When my contact lens was in my eye, it was fairly uncomfortable."
所以有人可能会说："When my contact lens was in my eye, it was fairly uncomfortable." 隐形眼镜在眼睛里的时候，我特别不舒服。
Or "rather" has the same meaning."It was my eye. I was rather upset."
或者"rather"也是一样的意思。“是我的眼睛，特别不舒服。”
And they mean the same thing.They mean like: "quite".
意思是一样的。他们的意思就是"quite"。
Not used so much nowadays, but in the past, posh people liked to say: "Terribly" and "Awfully" and they didn't mean them as terrible/awful.
现在不太这么说了，但是过去的时候，上层人物们会这么说："Terribly"或者"Awfully"，而且这两个单词并不是真的说“很糟糕”。
They actually mean the opposite, they mean "very" and "good".
恰恰相反，他们的意思是“非常”以及“很棒的”。
"I went to the party and it was a terribly lovely party and there were many people there."
“我去了一个派对，特别有意思，人非常多。”
Or you could say: "Borris is an awfully good chap."
或者你可以说："Borris is an awfully good chap." 鲍里斯是一个非常棒的小伙子。
That means: "very good chap" for a posh person.
对上层人来说，它的意思就是说一个人非常棒。
So Posh language is going to prefer these informal intensifiers.
所以上层语言中会比较喜欢这些非正式的“调剂”词汇。
Neutral English-sometimes posh people will use it too-neutral English, we would use all of these adverbs mostly.
有的时候他们也会用一些中立的词，大多数情况下都会用这些副词。
So you would be intensifying a story by saying: "I was in so much pain."
所以你可以说"I was in so much pain."来丰富你的故事。
And you really make the "so" long: "So much pain" when you're telling a story.
你也可以把"so"这个单词拉长音。
Again, you can emphasize the "really"."I was really stressed." You could say that.
同时也可以强调"really"。"I was really stressed." 你可以这么说。
One thing to mention about "quite" is they mean...It means the same thing as "fairly", but "fairly" is more posh and "quite" is more in the middle or whatever.
值得一提的就是"quite"意思与"fairly"相同，但是"fairly"要更上层一点，"quite"比较中性。
And "too" means negative.So: "When my contact lens got stuck in my eye..."This sentence is not going to work.
"Too"有负面含义。"When my contact lens got stuck in my eye..."这句话不太合适。
The sentence I'm thinking of, you'd say something is too expensive as in too much for a negative when you're using this adverb.
我在想一句话，你可能说某个东西过于贵了，你就可以用这个副词了。
But we have even more choice for informal intensifiers.
但是我们还有其他更多选择。
We have slang words. So I'm going to teach you some English slang that people use.
比如俚语，我来教给你们一些俚语。
"Bare" means "very" and "nough" also means "very".
"Bare"的意思是“非常”，"nough"同样。
You couldn't...You could write the...You could write this on Facebook or in chat or something, but you couldn't write it anywhere formally.
你可以在Facebook或者聊天的时候用这两个词，但是正式场合不能用。
"And when my contact lens got stuck in my eye, I was bare stressed. You know that."
"And when my contact lens got stuck in my eye, I was bare stressed. You know that." 我隐形眼镜卡在眼睛里了，我特别紧张。
Or: "I couldn't get it out. I was nough upset. I didn't know what to do."
或者是"I couldn't get it out. I was nough upset. I didn't know what to do." 我没法把它弄出来，感觉非常烦，不知道该怎么办了。
They mean..."Nough" I used it like "really" there.So you also have this option if you wish.
我把"nough"当作"really"来用了。所以如果你喜欢的话也可以选这个词。
And I don't know about in your country, but English people swear quite a lot.
我不知道你们怎么样，但是英国人挺喜欢骂人的。
I don't really swear, I don't really like it.But here is swear words you can use.
我不太骂人，我不喜欢。但是这里有一些相应的词汇。
You probably know this one, I bet you know this one.But do you know this one?
你大概知道这个，我敢确定你肯定知道。但是你知道这个吗？
"Bloody" it's not a very strong swear word anymore.At the end of my story I said: "The bloody contact lens finally came out."
"Bloody"，它不算是个很强烈的骂人词汇了。我讲的那个故事里，结尾我会说："The bloody contact lens finally came out." 那个该死的隐形眼镜终于弄出来了。
You call something "bloody" if it's irritating or annoying.It used to be strong, it's not so bad now.
如果某事很烦人，你就可以说"bloody"。以前的时候语气很强烈，但是现在没那么强了。
And here are two other ones.I found that people say these ones when they don't like to say this one.
这里还有另外两个。我发现当人们不想说这个单词的时候，就会说这两个。
They sound kind of like this one and they're a little bit more polite swear words.
这两个听起来相对来说“礼貌”一点点。
And they sound like this: "frigging" or "flipping"."My flipping contact lens got stuck in my eye."
发音是这样的："frigging" or "flipping"。"My flipping contact lens got stuck in my eye." 该死的隐形眼镜卡在眼睛里了。
So what's the position of the informal intensifiers when they're in sentences? Let's take a look.
那么在句子里面这些词要放在什么位置呢？来看一下。
So we can do adverb before adjective with "rather", "quite" and "really".
我们在"rather", "quite" and "really"前放副词。
Here's an example sentence. You could use any of them.
这里有例句，你可以用这几个句子。
"I'd rather want a sandwich. Don't you know?"So the position here is before the verb. These ones.
"I'd rather want a sandwich. Don't you know?"这些就要放在动词前面。
What about this one?"Don't be so bloody stupid."It's not a very nice thing to say to someone.
那这个呢？"Don't be so bloody stupid."对别人说这句话可不太好。
And the grammar here is "so"+swear word+adjective.
语法结构是："so"+骂人的单词+形容词。
So you could change it, you could say: "Don't be so beep stupid." If you wanted to.
如果你想的话，也可以改成:"Don't be so beep stupid."
And what about the slang words?These are newer words.
那俚语呢？这些是比较新的单词。
I don't think the grammar is that evolved for them because people just use them in speech.
我觉得语法还没有发展出来，因为人们只是在口语里这么用。
The position is usually after the verb like in a sentence."It was bare jokes." "Jokes" is also slang.
一般情况下都是在动词后面，像这个句子一样。"It was bare jokes." "Jokes"也是一个俚语。
We usually say: "a joke" which is a noun.But "jokes" in slang means "funny" as an adjective.
我们平常说"a joke"是名词。但那时"jokes"在俚语里面是作为形容词，表示“有趣的”。
So yeah, you could say: "It was nough jokes." Means it was really funny also.
所以，你可以说："It was nough jokes."表示非常有意思。
And what about this one? "Sarah is terribly charming."That means that she is very charming.
这个呢？"Sarah is terribly charming."意思是她非常迷人。
Remember what I said? They mean the opposite."Sarah is terribly charming." How do we do that then?It's "to be" followed by adverb followed by adjective.
还记得我说的吧？他们表示相反的意思。"Sarah is terribly charming." 我们该怎么用呢？这句话是一个副词后面跟一个形容词。
And, yeah, now I want to talk to you about a nonstandard use that I've observed quite...I've observed people using it quite a lot, but it's considered not grammatically correct.
好了，我想再给你们讲讲不太标准的用法，我发现很多人会这么用，但是语法上来讲是不太正确的。
But I'll point it out to you in case you hear it.
我给你们指出来，以防下次听到。
You can decide to use it if you want because people do say it or you can decide not to use it if you'd like to say everything grammatically correctly.
你可以自己决定用，因为人们都这么说；如果你追求语法完全正确的话，你也可以不这么用。
So some people would say something like this: "I so want those shoes!"
有些人会说这样的话："I so want those shoes!" 我超级想要那双鞋。
We don't put "so" in this...In this position before the verb.We could say: "I really want those shoes!"
我们不会把"so"这样放在动词前面。我们会说"I really want those shoes!"
But in British English, it's not considered correct to put "so" here.
但是在英式英语里面，把"so"放在这个位置是不太对的。
Anyway, you know now. You can decide if you want to say that.
你现在知道了，可以自己决定怎么说。
Let's look, finally, at the position of swear words with nouns.
最后，来看看骂人的词汇与名词搭配的位置。
So here are two examples: "The kitchen was a bloody mess."
有两个例句："The kitchen was a bloody mess."
Wherever I lived when I was a student, that was a true sentence for me. "The kitchen was a bloody mess."
我还是学生的时候，不管住在哪，这句话都很适合我，厨房里真是一团糟。
"A mess" is a noun for an untidy place.
"A mess" 是说很不整洁的地方。
So the grammar we've got here is the swear word and then followed by the noun."A bloody mess".
所以语法上来说，我们把骂人的那个词放在这里，然后后面跟一个名词。"A bloody mess".
And our last example: "Their customer service is a flipping joke."So you won't want to go back there, will you?
最后一个例子，"Their customer service is a flipping joke."所以你完全不想再回去了，对吧？
So yeah, just something that you can start to use to enrich your storytelling more in English.I really recommend that.
好了，你已经听过这些词了，也可以开始丰富你讲故事的能力了。我非常推荐这些单词。
And the next thing I recommend is for you to go to the engVid website and do the quiz on this
我推荐的另外一件事就是你们到EngVid网站上做一下测试，
so that they will become a little bit more familiar to you and you're getting these intensifiers in the correct position.
这样你们就会更熟悉这些单词，并且能够在正确位置应用。
Please do subscribe to this channel and watch some of my other videos as well; more for you to learn.
请订阅这个频道，收看更多我的教学视频。
Also, not just my engVid channel, my other channel because I've got two YouTube channels. Yay!
当然了，不仅仅是我的EngVid频道，还有我个人的另外一个频道，我有两个频道，耶！
And you can learn there and you can learn here with me.
在那里你也可以跟我学习一些知识，在这里也可以。
So I'd really appreciate you to subscribe in both places.So I'm finished now.
所以如果你能两边都订阅，我会非常感谢。好了，我讲完了。
I'm going to go. I'm going to go and swear at some people in the street.No, not really. Okay, see you.
我要走啦，到大街上骂个人去。并不会的。好啦，下次见。