Hi again.Welcome to www. engvid. com.I'm Adam.
嗨又见面了。欢迎来到 www. engvid. com.我是 Adam。
In today's lesson we're going to look at some grammar points that is very, very important, mostly because it's very confusing to a lot of people.
今天的课程里，我们将要学习一些非常重要的语法点，主要原因是它们让很多人感到非常困惑。
We're going to look at the four different uses of "ing" words.
我们将要看一看以 "ing" 结尾的单词的四种用法。
Now, I don't want to say "ing" verb because that makes it a little confusing as well because the "ing"...Words that end in "ing" could be used as nouns, as verbs, as adjectives, and as adverbs. Okay?
我不愿意说成 "ing" 动词是因为那会让其有一点含糊不清，同事也因为...以 " ing" 结尾的单词可以被用作名词，动词，形容词和副词。对吧？
So we're going to look at how they are used in each way.So first we are going to look at them as they are used as nouns.
所以我们将学习他们的每一种用法。首先，我们先看当他们作名词时的用法。
Now, technically, in whatever situation you're seeing an "ing" word, it's always a verb.
从学术上讲，无论在什么情况下你遇到的以 "ing" 结尾的单词，通常都是动词。
But it could be used as a noun, in which case it is called a gerund.Now, this is a grammar word.
但是它可能被用作名词，在这种情况下它被称为动名词。这是一个语法词汇。
You're never going to use this word outside of your grammar class, but in case I refer to it again: A "gerund" is an "ing" word being used as a noun.
你永远不会在语法课之外用到这个单词，但以防万一我在说明一下：一个“动名词”是一个 "ing" 结尾的单词被用作了名词。
So if we're looking at this sentence: "Wearing loose pants while riding a bicycle is dangerous."
所以如果我们看到这个句子：“骑自行车时穿宽松的裤子很危险。”

So here is your gerund.So the subject of this sentence is "wearing".The verb is "is". Okay?
这个就是动名词。这个句子的主语是 "wearing"。动词是 "is"。对吧？
"Wearing is dangerous", "Wearing loose pants is dangerous", and then everything else I'll talk about in a second.
"Wearing is dangerous"，“穿宽松的裤子是危险的”，我马上会说其他每个部分。
Now, a gerund "ing" is basically the activity of the verb.So, "to wear" means, like, to have clothes on.
一个 "ing" 形式的动名词基本上都是动词的变形。所以，"to wear" 意思是，穿上衣服。
Wearing a blue shirt makes me look taller, maybe.Or shorter.
穿一件蓝色的衬衫让我显得高了，可能吧。或者显得矮了。
Cause I'm on camera you can't tell. Right? Okay."Wearing" is the activity.
因为我在镜头里你无法判断，对吧？好的。"Wearing"是一个行为。
Smoking is the activity, running is the activity."To run" is the idea of the action. Okay.
Smoking 是一个行为，running 也是。"To run" 是动作的概念。好吧。
Now, here, this word is actually not a gerund and it's not really a verb either.
现在，这里，这个词实际上不是一个动名词，也不是一个真的动词。
It's...It has the verb idea, but it is actually a participle, which we're going to talk about in a minute. Okay?
它是...它有动词的概念，但实际上它是一个分词，是我们稍后会讲到的。
So this is a participle, this is a gerund, this is the activity itself.Now...So we're going to call it a noun for now.
所以这个是分词，这个是动名词，是行为本身。现在，我们要暂时把它称为名词了。
Then we have the verb, the everyday verb in the continuous tense; past, present, future continuous.Always with a "be" verb. Okay?
接着，我们有动词，进行时里的常见动词；包括过去，现在以及将来进行时。通常都是 "be" 动词。对吧？
If you don't see an "ing" verb connected to a "be" verb then it's not a verb, it's one of the other uses.
如果你没有发现一个 "ing" 形式的动词跟 "be" 动词连在一起的话，那么它就不是一个动词，而是其他用法。
Okay? There's always going to be a "be" verb when you're using it as an actual verb, as an action.
对吧？当你将它作为实意动词，表示动作时，永远要跟着一个 "be" 动词。
"The man is riding a bike."Right now this is what he is doing, he is riding a bicycle.
“这个男人正在骑自行车。”现在这是他正在做的事，他正在骑一辆自行车。
Oh, sorry.I'm running still.I forgot it...The verb.Okay. So "be" verb, continuous verb, easy.
额，抱歉。我还在跑呢。我忘了...这个动词。好了。所以 "be" 动词，动词进行时，简单。
That's the one everybody's the most comfortable with.Now, we can also use it as an adjective.
这是每个人最熟悉的一种用法。接下来，我们还可以将它用作形容词。
"Wearing a blue, backless dress, the actress created quite a stir at the party."
“穿着一件蓝色的露背裙，这个女演员在派对上引起了一番轰动。”
Now, "wearing" is your participle, your active participle.
这时，"wearing" 是一个分词，一个动作分词。
We also have past participle which is in...Used in the passive form, but we're going to talk about that in a different lesson."Wearing" here, I'm describing the actress. Okay?
我们也会用过去分词，它是用于被动形式，但我们会在另一个课程里讲。这里的 "Wearing"，我用来形容女演员。对吧？
So if I want to open it up, if I want to write it in a different way, the actress who was wearing...Because I'm in the past, so I have "was".
所以如果我想拆开它，如果我想用另一种方式把它写出来，the actress who was wearing... 因为是过去时，所以我用 "was"。
"The actress who was wearing a blue, backless dress created quite a stir."So the participle is just a reduced adjective clause. Okay?
“穿着蓝色露背裙的女演员引起了轰动。”所以这个分词其实就是一个简化的形容词从句。对吧？
What I do is I take out the conjunction, the pronoun and subject, I take out the "be" verb, all I am left with is the participle.
我要做的是挑出连词，代词和主语，我挑出了 "be" 动词，剩下的就只是分词。
Now, because I'm...I have only the participle phrase, it's no...It's not a clause anymore,
现在，因为我...我只有分词短语，它没有...它不是一个从句了，
there's no subject and verb anymore, there's just a phrase - I can put it at the beginning of the sentence as long as the subject of the participle is the same as the subject of the independent clause. Okay?
这里没有主语和动词，只是一个短语-我可以把它放在句首，只要分词的主语和独立从句的主语是一致的。对吧？
Now, if you're not sure what I'm talking about, you can watch the video about adjective clauses, you can watch the video about independent clauses, you'll get a better idea of what these are.
现在，如果你不确定我在讲什么，你可以看一下关于形容词从句的视频，还有独立从句的视频，之后你会有一个更好地理解。
Okay? So, adjective.Now, where it gets confusing is I can do the exact same thing, but I can use it as an adverb. Okay?
好吗？所以，这就是形容词用法。现在，让人迷惑的地方是我要做完全一样的事，但我这次是用作副词。
"Not wanting to miss our flight, we arrived at the airport 3 hours early."This is three hours, sorry, I had to reduce a little bit.
“不想错过我们的航班，我们提前3个小时到达了机场。”这应该是三小时，抱歉，我不得不简写一下。
So, here.Now, you've probably heard never to use the word "want" with an "ing".That is true in this case.
所以，这里。现在，你可能从未听说过在 "want" 后面加 "ing" 来使用。在这个例子里就是这样的。
Never use "want", "wanting" as a verb, but you can use it as a participle. Okay?Now, what does this mean?
从未将 "want"，"wanting" 用作动词，但你可以将它作为分词。现在，它的意思是什么？
"As we didn't want" or "Because we didn't want", both okay.
"As we didn't want" 或者是 "Because we didn't want"这两个都可以。
"As we didn't want to miss our flight, we arrived at the airport three hours early."
“因为我们不想错过航班，所以我们提前3个小时到达了机场。”
Now, you're thinking: "What's going on here?" Okay?So here's our negative, here's our negative.
你现在会想：“这是怎么回事？”对吧？这里是否定语，这里是否定。
First let's get that out of the way.Now, what I'm doing here, again, I'm reducing.Excuse me.
首先，我们先把这个放一边。我现在又在干什么，我在简化。抱歉。
I'm reducing an adjective clause...Sorry, an adverb clause to an adverb participle.
我在把一个形容词从句...抱歉，一个副词性从句简化为一个副词分词。
We can only do this when the conjunction-"as", "because", "since"-in this case is very, very obvious...Sorry about that.
我们只能在当连接词是"as"，"because"，"since"时这么做，在这个情况里是非常，非常明显的...抱歉。
When the conjunction...When the relationship between the two clauses is very obvious we can take out the conjunction,
当连词...当两个从句之间的关系非常明显时，我们可以拿掉连词，
and we can take out the subject and the verb, and leave only the verb and make it a participle.
然后我们可以挑出主语和动词，只留下唯一的动词，使其成为一个分词。
And then we have a participle phrase, and we can put that at the beginning of the sentence again.
之后我们有了一个分词短语，我们可以把它放在句首。
So: "Not wanting", this word, "wanting" includes the conjunction, the subject, and the verb, all of them squeezed into this participle.
所以："Not wanting"，"wanting" 这个单词，包括了连词，主语和动词，所有的这些都紧缩在这个分词里。
Now, this might be a little bit confusing.Don't worry, I will create a separate lesson for participles.I know they're difficult.
这样可能会有点让人困惑。别担心，我会单独开一节课讲分词。我知道这很难。
But I just want you to show...To show you the four uses of "ing".
但是我想向你展示...展示四种以 "ing" 结尾的单词的用法。
So, if you see "ing" words and you're just not sure how they're used because they don't look like a verb, think: Is it talking about the activity?
所以，如果你看到以"ing" 结尾的单词，你只是不确定他们是如何用的，因为他们看起来不像一个动词，想想：它是在谈论行为吗？
Is it with a "be"...?With a "be" verb as a verb?Is it describing something?Is it modifying a noun?
它和 "be" 动词在一起吗？和一个"be" 动词一起作动词？它是在描述某件事吗？是在修饰一个名词？
Or is it showing you a relationship to another clause, to the independent clause especially?
或者它向你表明了和另一个从句的联系，特别是和独立从句？
Now, the most common one, and this is probably the most difficult structure,
接下来，最普遍的一个，也可能是结构最难的一个。
I guess, you could call it for a lot of people is the perfect participle.
我想，你可能对很多人说过它，它是完成式分词。
"Having finished his meal, Tom went out for a walk."The "having" is, again, a participle.
“吃完饭，Tom 出去散步了。”这个"having"，又是一个分词。
"After he finished his meal, Tom went out for a walk."Same idea.
“Tom 吃完饭之后，他出去散步了。”一样的意思。
It's an adverb participle, a perfect participle.We'll talk about that in another lesson.
它是一个副词分词，也是一个完成式分词。我们会在另一节课讲到这个。
For today I just wanted you to understand the four uses of "ing".
今天，我只希望你可以理解这四种以 ing 结尾的单词的用法。
When you're reading something, you're not sure you understand, look at the context.
当你在阅读某物的时候，你不确定你理解了，看上下文。
What is this word doing in this sentence?
这个词在这个句子里是干什么的？
Once you know that it could be all four parts of speech, much easier to guess its meaning.
一旦你了解了它可以作为言语中所有的四个部分，猜测它的意思就简单多了。
Okay? Good.So I hope you like that.Please subscribe to my YouTube channel.
对吧？很好。我希望你喜欢这节课。请订阅我的 YouTube 频道。
And if you have any questions about this lesson, please go to www. engvid. com, join the forum there.
如果你对于本次课有任何疑问，请登录www. engvid. com，加入里面的论坛。
You can ask me questions.You can also take the quiz on www. engvid. com.And yeah, I'll see you again soon.Bye-bye.
你可以问我问题。也可以在www. engvid. com，完成小测试。我们下次很快会再见。拜拜。