Hey guys, I'm Alex.Thanks for clicking, and welcome to this lesson on IELTS and TOEFL academic vocabulary, with the focus being on verbs.
大家好，我是Alex。感谢点击，欢迎收看这次的课程，有关雅思托福十大常见词汇。
So, on the IELTS and on the TOEFL, vocabulary is, of course, extremely important.
在雅思和托福考试中，词汇是极其重要的。
It's necessary in the reading section, in the writing sections, obviously in the listening, and it can help you in your speaking as well.
词汇对于你的听说读写四个部分都非常重要。
So today what I'm going to do is look at 10 verbs that you can find in the back of almost any TOEFL or IELTS preparation book which comes with an academic word list.
今天我就来讲一下所有的雅思托福参考书附录词汇表中都会出现的10个动词。
And at the end, I'll let you know where you can find an academic word list that's a little more comprehensive, that not only has verbs, but nouns and adjectives.
节目的最后，我会告诉你到哪里去找更全的词汇表，不只包括动词，还有名词和形容词。
The answer is actually quite simple.So, let's begin with five verbs.The first one is: "estimate".
答案其实挺简单的。好，我们先看前五个动词。第一个，"estimate"。
So "to estimate" means to predict or guess, not merely guess though, to make an educated guess based on some kind of evidence.
"To estimate"的意思是预测或者猜测，不仅仅是猜测，而是在一定的证据上作出的推测。
So, for example: "Police estimated that 20 people were killed."
比如说：“警察估计有20人遇害。”
It's a little dark to say that, but if you read any newspaper article or if you are doing a reading section on a TOEFL or an IELTS, you might read something similar to this.
说起来挺悲惨的，但是如果你在考雅思托福做阅读的时候，你可能会读到类似的新闻。
So police estimated; they made a prediction.Okay? The next word is: "identify".
警察做了估计，他们预估了一下。下一个单词，"identify"。
"Identify" is just another way to say: "show" or: "to point out", if you want to use a phrasal verb.
"Identify"是"show"或者动词短语"to point out"的另外一种说法。
So: "Scientists have identified numerous species."They have basically shown, discovered, pointed out numerous species.
“科学家们已经确认了大量的物种。”他们揭示了、发现了大量的物种。
Okay, and just a reminder: all of these are verbs which means you can use them in variety of tenses, all English tenses.The next verb is: "interpret".
提醒一下，这些动词你可以用任意一种时态。下一个，"interpret"。
"To interpret" means to give a personal analysis or a personal opinion on something.
"To interpret"就是说给出自己的分析，或者个人的见解。
So you can interpret a text, you can interpret a film, you can interpret a person's words.
所以你可以解释一段话，解释一部电影，或者解释某个人说的话。

The example we have here is: "His poems have been interpreted in many ways."
这边的例子是：“他的诗被各种解读。”
So they have been analyzed, and people have developed their own opinions, many different types of opinions about his poems.
他们分析之后形成了自己的观点，对于他的诗人们有不同观点。
So this comes from "interpretation" which I know some of you Latin speakers may be familiar with.
我知道一些说拉丁语的人对"interpretation"这个单词很熟悉，就是从这里来的。
The next verb is: "minimise".This is the opposite of: "maximize".When you think of "max", you think of the top. Right?
下一个，"minimise"。反义词是"maximize"。当你想到"max"的时候，就想到了最顶尖的，对吧？
When you think of "to minimise" something, you think to keep it at a low level.
想到"to minimise"的时候，就是说要保持一个低水平。
So for example: "They attempted to minimise confusion."
比如说，“他们想要把误解最小化。”
Whether that's because they created a text and they didn't want people to be confused by the text,
可能是因为他们写了一段话，不想让人们因此有误会，
so they kept the language at a, you know, manageable level that everyone could understand.
所以他们把语言写的尽可能让每个人都能明白。
And finally: "occur", a very common verb.And you might be wondering: "Well, what does 'occur' mean?"
最后一个，"occur"，很常见的动词。你可能在想，"occur"是什么意思？
It just means: "happen", it comes from an occurrence."An occurrence" is an event, something which happens.
它的意思是发生，从某一个事件中出来。"An occurrence"是指一件事。
So: "This strange event occurred in 1994."The strange event happened in 1994.
“1994年发生了一件怪事。”这件奇怪的事发生在1994年。
Okay, guys, let's look at the other five verbs that I'm going to look at today.
好了，我们来看看今天的另外五个单词。
The next verb is: "obtain".Now, "to obtain" means to acquire or to get something.
下一个，"obtain"。"To obtain"是说得到某事。
So for example: "Archaeologists obtained the lost artifact."They acquired it, they got it, essentially.
比如说，“考古学家发现了遗失的石器。”就是说，他们找到了这些东西。
The next verb is: "prohibit".This comes from "prohibition" which is the noun form.
下一个，"prohibit"。它的名词形式是"prohibition"。
"To prohibit" is to not allow something or not give permission to do something.
"To prohibit"就是禁止某事，或者不允许做某事。
So, for example: "Protesters were prohibited from entering."
比如说，“抗议者被禁止进入。”
Maybe from entering the building or something like this, so they were not allowed, they were not given permission, they were prohibited.
可能是禁止进入某个建筑一类的，他们不被允许，没有许可，被禁止了。
The next is: "pursue".Basically, this is a very common verb which means to chase or to go after.
下一个，"pursue"。这个单词用来形容追击很常见。
So, for example: police pursue criminals.Or, as we have on the board: "He pursued a career in economics."
比如说，警察追击罪犯。或者是我们在黑板上写的：“他把经济作为自己的职业。”
So you can pursue a career, like chase after it, go after it.
你可以追求一个职业生涯。
Okay, the next verb is: "symbolise"."Symbolise", you might see the word: "symbol" in this.
下一个，"symbolise"。在这个单词中，你可以看到"symbol"。
A symbol is a representation of something.So: "to symbolise" is to represent.
"Symbol"是说某件事的形象。"To symbolise"就是说形象化。
For example: "In many cultures, the skull" - a human skull - "symbolizes death."It represents death.
比如说，“在很多文化中，人的头骨象征着死亡。”它代表着死亡。
And finally, we have the verb: "transform" which just means to change into, it comes from "transformation", which is the noun form.
最后一个，"transform"，表示变成，它的动词形式是"transformation"。
So, for example: "Caterpillars transform into butterflies."Okay, so today I have shown you 10 verbs.
举个例子，“毛毛虫化茧成蝶。”今天我讲了十个动词。
Now, again, these 10 verbs are but a small, small sample of the total number of verbs
这十个动词只是你要充分学习的
you're going to have to know and you're going to have to study to appropriately and adequately prepare for the IELTS or the TOEFL exam.
雅思托福单词中非常小的一部分。
So if you would like a more comprehensive list, you can actually check it out in the resources section of www.engvid.com.
所以如果你想掌握更全面的词汇表，你可以到www.engvid.com的资源页上看看。
And also, keep an eye out for lessons...Similar lessons in the future about IELTS and TOEFL vocabulary related to nouns and to adjectives.
同时也多留心相关雅思托福词汇课程，比如讲名词和形容词的。
For today, if you'd like to test your understanding of the 10 verbs I have taught you, you can always check out the quiz on www.engvid.com.
如果你想要检测一下是不是理解了今天的10个单词，你可以到www.engvid.com上做测验。
And don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel.Thanks guys.
别忘了订阅我的YouTube频道。谢谢大家。